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Lower Limbs
anatomy
25
Anatomy
Graduate
09/17/2007

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Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
ORIGIN: Posterior crest of ilium, sacrum & coccyx & lumbar fascia
INSERTION: lateral greater trochanter & ITB
ACTION: extends & externally rotates femur
NERVE: gluteal nerve
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
ORIGIN: lateral ilium
INSERTION: posterior, middle greater trochanter
ACTION: abducts, internally & externally rotates femur
NERVE: gluteal nerve
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
ORIGIN: Lateral ilium below glute med
INSERTION: anterior greater trochanter
ACTION: abducts & internally rotates femur
NERVE: gluteal nerve
Term
tensor fascia latae
Definition
ORIGIN: outer anterior iliac crest
INSERTION: ITB, anterior lateral condyle of tibia
ACTION: hip flexion & flexion, abduction & medial rotation of femur
NERVE: gluteal nerve
Term
obturator externus
Definition
ORIGIN: external obturator membrane & obturator foramen
INSERTION: posteromedial greater trochanter
ACTION: laterally rotates & adducts femur
NERVE: obturator nerve
Term
obturator internus
Definition
ORIGIN: external obturator membrane & obturator foramen
INSERTION: medial greater trochanter
ACTION: laterally rotates & adducts femur
NERVE: sacral plexus
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
ORIGIN: posterior ischial tuberosity & middle 1/3 linea aspera & lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
INSERTION: head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle
ACTION: flexes knee & extends & laterally rotates hip
NERVE: long head: tibial nerve short head: peroneal nerve
Term
semitendinosus
Definition
ORIGIN: posterior ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: medial shaft of tibia
ACTION: flexes knee & medially rotates & extends hip
NERVE: tibial nerve
Term
semimembranosus
Definition
ORIGIN: posterior ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: medial condyle of tibia & popliteal fascia
ACTION: flexes knee & medially rotates & extends hip
NERVE: tibial nerve
Term
gracilis
Definition
ORIGIN: outer ischiopubic ramus
INSERTION: upper medial shaft of tibia
ACTION: flexes knee, adducts femur & assists medial rotation of tibia
NERVE: obturator nerve
Term
sartorius
Definition
ORIGIN: ASIS
INSERTION: upper medial shaft of tibia
ACTION: flexes hip & knee, laterally rotates femur
NERVE: femoral nerve
Term
adductor brevis
Definition
ORIGIN: inferior ramus & body of pubis
INSERTION: upper 1/3 linea aspera
ACTION: adducts & flexes hip & laterally rotates femur
NERVE: obturator nerve
Term
adductor magnus
Definition
ORIGIN: ischiopubic ramus & posterior ischial tuberosity
INSERTION: lower gluteal line, linea aspera & adductor tubercle
ACTION: adduct femur, flex & extend hip
NERVE: obturator nerve
Term
adductor longus
Definition
ORIGIN: inferior pubis & medial to pubic tubercle
INSERTION: lower 2/3 linea aspera
ACTION: adducts & flexes femur, laterally rotates hip
NERVE: obturator nerve
Term
Vastus lateralis
Definition
ORIGIN: base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera & lateral supracondylar ridge
INSERTION: lateral quadriceps tendon to patella
ACTION: extends knee
NERVE: femoral nerve
Term
vastus intermedialis
Definition
ORIGIN: anterior & lateral femur
INSERTION: quadriceps tendon to patella
ACTION: extends knee
NERVE: femoral nerve
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
ORIGIN: medial linea aspera & lower intertrochanteric line
INSERTION: medial quadriceps tendon to patella & directly to medial patella
ACTION: extends knee & stabilises patella
NERVE: femoral nerve
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
ORIGIN: anterior inferior iliac spine & ilium
INSERTION: quadriceps tendon to patella
ACTION: extends knee & flexes hip
NERVE: femoral nerve
Term
pectineus
Definition
ORIGIN: pectineal line of pubic ramus
INSERTION: pectineal line of femur (just below lesser trochanter)
ACTION: adducts femur & flexes hip
NERVE: femoral & obturator nerves
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
ORIGIN: posterior lateral condyle & jusst above medial condyle of femur
INSERTION: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
ACTION: plantar flexes foot & flexes knee
NERVE: tibial nerve
Term
soleus
Definition
ORIGIN: soleal line, middle 1/3 posterior tibia & upper posterior fibula
INSERTION: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
ACTION: plantar flexes foot
NERVE: tibial nerve
Term
tibialis posterior
Definition
ORIGIN: posterior proximal tibia, interosseous membrane & medial fibula
INSERTION: navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms 1-3, cuboid & 2nd-4th metatarsals
ACTION: stabilises ankle, inverts & adducts foot
NERVE: tibial nerve
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
ORIGIN: upper 1/2 lateral tibia & interosseous membrane
INSERTION: medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal
ACTION: extends & inverts foot
NERVE: peroneal nerve
Term
bones of foot
Definition
calcaneus, talus (above calcaneus), navicular, cuboid (just infront of talus & calcaneus), cuneiforms 1-3, tarsals, metatarsals & phalanges
Term
Piriformis
Definition
ORIGIN: anterior sacrum & greater sciatic notch
INSERTION: anterior medial greater trochanter
ACTION: laterally rotates hip & stabilises hip
NERVE: anterior primary rami
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