Term
| The primary extensor of the thigh is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives the gluteus maximus muscle its shape? |
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Definition
| covered by a dense layer of adipose tissue with many strong septae called the gluteal fascia |
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Term
| What covers six small muscles in the gluteal region which together are fan shaped? |
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Definition
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Term
Gluteus maximus muscle O: I: A: NS: AS: |
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Definition
O: external iliac ala posterior to posterior gluteal line, the posterior iliac crest, the external surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament. I:gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the posterosuperior iliotibial tract -passes obliquely from superomedial to infero lateral A: extends and laterally rotates the thigh NS: inferior gluteal nerve; dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1,2 AS: superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery and the perforating branches |
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Term
| There are how many bursae associated with the gluteus maximus muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what bursa is located intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur? |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of this bursa is called bursitis of the hip? |
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Definition
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Term
| When inflamed, the trochanteric bursa is painful how? |
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Definition
| with extension or lateral rotation of thigh |
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Term
| what bursa is located intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the ischial tuberosity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammmation of the bursa is associated with prolonged sitting in the tailor position (Indian-style) or from riding horses/bicycles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of this bursa is called weaver's bottom, sometimes called saddle sore? |
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Definition
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Term
| when inflammed the ischial bursa is painful when? |
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Definition
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Term
| what bursa is located intermediate to the gluteus maximus muscle and the vastus lateralis muscle, just inferior to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intramuscular injections are given where? |
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Definition
| in the superolateral / upper outer quadrant |
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Term
| how should intramuscular injections be given? |
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Definition
| must be placed so as to miss the major neurovascular structures of this region, especially the sciatic nerve |
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Term
| what muscle is located just deep to the gluteus maximus muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what muscle is the primary abductor of the thigh? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the path of the gluteus medius muscle? |
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Definition
| extends superior to the proximal edge of gluteus maximus muscle near the center of the gluteus maximus muscle |
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Term
Gluteus medius msucle O: I:
A:
AS
NS: |
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Definition
O: external iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and posterior gluteal lines I: lateral aspect of the greater trochanter -passes inferolaterally A: abducts the thigh; aids with both medial and lateral rotation of the thigh NS: superior gluteal nerve; dorsal divisions of ventral L-4,5 & S-1 AS: superior gluteal artery |
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Term
| pain from this bursa is associated with hip joint abduction and palpation? |
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Definition
| bursa of gluteus medius muscle |
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Term
| this bursa is located intermediate to the gluteus medius muscle and the superior aspect of the femoral greater trochanter? |
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Definition
| bursa of the gluteus medius muscle |
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Term
| the smallest of the 3 gluteal muscles is? |
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Definition
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Term
Gluteus minimus muscle O:
I:
A:
NS:
AS: |
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Definition
O: iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and inferior gluteal lines, and the superior edge of the greater sciatic notch I: anterior aspects of teh greater trochanter and the hip joint capsule - passes inferiorly A: abduction and medial rotation of the thigh NS: superior gluteal nerve; dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-4,5 & S-1 AS: superior gluteal artery |
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Term
| an important anatomic landmark as it aids in the identification of other structures in the gluteal region? |
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Definition
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Term
piriformis muscle O:
I:
A:
NS:
AS: |
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Definition
O: pelvic surface of the sacrum (S-2,3,4) I: superior aspect of the greater trochanter - passes laterally, exiting teh pelvis via greater sciatic foramen A: lateral rotation of the thigh NS: dorsal division of S-2 ventral ramus AS: superior and inferior gluteal arteries |
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Term
| the small muscle situated inferior to piriformis muscle and deep to some neurovascular structures is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| this muscle belly lies adjacent to the inferior gemellus muscle belly? |
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Definition
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Term
Superior Gemellus muscle O:
I:
A:
AS:
NS: |
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Definition
O: ischial spine and superior edge of lesser sciatic notch I: anaterior fossa at the medial aspect of the greater trochanter with the tendons of obturator internus and inferior gemellus muscles - passes laterally A: lateral rotation of the thigh NS: nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscle, from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1,2 AS: inferior gluteal artery |
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Term
| its muscle belly lies adjacent to the superior gemellus muscle belly? |
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Definition
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Term
Inferior Gemellus Muscle O: I: A: NS: AS: |
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Definition
O: inferior margin of lesser sciatic notch and superior border of ischial tuberosity I: anterior fossa at the medial edge of the greater trochanter, with the tendons of superior gemellus and obturator internus muscles - passes laterally A: lateral rotation of the thigh NS: nerve to inferior gemellus muscle and quadratus femoris muscle, from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-4,5 & S-1 AS: medial femoral circumflex artery |
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Term
Obturator Internus Muscle O: I: A: NS: AS: |
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Definition
O: pelvic surfaces of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane I: anterior fossa on the medial edge of the greater trochanter, with the gemelli muscles - passes posterolaterally to exit the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen, then angles anteriorly around the lesser sciatic notch A: external rotation of the thigh; extension and abduction of the thigh when the hip is flexed NS: nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles, from the sacral plexus, ventral divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1,2 AS: superior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries |
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Term
| the tendon of obturator internus muscle is generally where? |
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Definition
| deep and intermediate to the gemelli muscles |
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Term
| the rectangular shaped muscle, the most inferior of the gluteal muscles is called? |
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Definition
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Term
Quadratus femoris muscle: O:
I:
A:
NS:
AS: |
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Definition
O: external border of the ischial tuberosity I: quadrate tubercle of the femur - passes directly lateral A: lateral rotation of the thigh NS: nerve to inferior gemellus muscle and quadratus femoris muscle, from the sacral plexus; ventral divisions of ventral rami L-4,5 and S-1 AS: medial femoral circumflex artery |
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Term
| the tendon of the obturator externus muscle can be found where? |
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Definition
| deep to the quadratus femoris muscle in the gluteal region; ints origin may be seen deep to the pectineus muscle at the antero superior thigh region |
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Term
Obturator Externus muscle O:
I:
A:
NS:
AS: |
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Definition
O: external surfaces of the obturator formamen and the obturator membrane I: trochanteric fossa of the femur - passes posterolaterally around the inferior surface of the femoral neck ( a spiral course) A: lateral rotation of the thigh aids in flexion and adduction of the thigh NS: obturator nerve; ventral divisions of ventral ramil L-2,3,4 AS: obturator artery |
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Term
| what is the only gluteal region muscle to recieve innervation from the lumbar plexus? |
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Definition
| Obturator externus muscle |
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Term
| Where does the Pudendal nerve arise from and travel? |
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Definition
ventral divisions of ventral rami S-2,3,4 -exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle |
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Term
| the pudendal nerve passes _____ to the sacrospinous ligament and reenters the pelvis via what? |
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Definition
| posterior, via the lesser sciatic foramen |
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Term
| Where does the nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles arise from and travel? |
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Definition
-ventral divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1,2 -exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the prirformis muscle |
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Term
| what nerve lies lateral to the pudendal nerve as it passes posterior to the sacrospinous ligament and sends a branch laterally to supply the superior gemellus m. ? |
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Definition
| nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles |
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Term
| how does the nerve to obturator internus reenter the pelvis? |
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Definition
| via the lesser sciatic foramen to innervate the obturator internus muscle |
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Term
| Where does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve arise from and what path does it travel? |
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Definition
dorsal divisions of ventral rami S-1,2 and ventral divisions of ventral rami S-2,3 -exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis muscle and usually posterior to sciatic nerve |
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Term
| the main branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve lies where? |
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Definition
lies within the fascia on the deep surface of gluteus maximus muscle, then passes inferiorly through the posterior thigh, deep to or within fascia lata to the inferior knee region (cutaneous branches penetrate the fascia lata along this course) |
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Term
| the cutaneous branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve that supply a portion of the gluteal region skin are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the path of the inferior cluneal nerves? |
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Definition
| arise near the proximal end and pass along the deep surface of the gluteus maximus muscle, then pass around its inferior edge to the skin |
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Term
| the nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles arise from where and travel how? |
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Definition
ventral divisions of ventral rami L-4,5 and S-1 -exits pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen , inferior to the piriformis muscle |
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Term
| describe path of nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles? |
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Definition
| passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon and the gemelli muscles where it sends a branch to the inferior gemellus muscle; it continues inferiorly and sends branches to the hip joint and the deep side of the quadratus femoris muscle |
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Term
| what is the largest nerve in the body; the primary formation of the sacral plexus? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the sciatic nerve arise from? |
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Definition
| dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-4,5,S-1,2 and ventral divisions of ventral rami L-4,5, S-1,2,3 |
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Term
| what is the path of the sciatic nerve? |
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Definition
exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, deep to the gluteus maximus and usually inferior to the piriformis muscle -passes inferiorly into the thigh usually midway between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter, and continues inferiorly along the posteromedial aspect of the thigh, deep to the muscles to the level of the knee region where it normally divides |
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Term
| what is the variation of the sciatic nerve? |
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Definition
the common fibular part may exit the pelvis either superior to or through the piriformis muscle belly and then course with the tibial part -when this occurs, the sciatic nerve has split into its component parts already |
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Term
| Where does the Inferior gluteal nerve arise from and describe its path? |
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Definition
dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-5, S-1,2 -exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle -passes directly posterior and into the gluteus maximus muscle to innervate it |
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Term
| Where does the superior gluteal nerve arise from and describe its path? |
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Definition
dorsal divisions of ventral rami L-4,5 and S-1 -exits the pelvis via teh greater sciatic foramen, superior to the pririformis muscle -passes laterally, intermediate to the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles; it supplies both of them and continues anterolaterally to supply the tensor fascia lata muscle |
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Term
| where does the perforating cutaneous nerve arise from and describe its path? |
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Definition
dorsal divisions of ventral rami S-2,3 -exits pelvis by piercing the sacrotuberous ligament, usually near the sacrum -may be a direct course or pass within the ligament for a short distance -passes inferiorly around the distomedial edge of the gluteus maximus muscl to innervate a small area of skin at the inferomedial gluteal region |
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Term
| where does the internal pudendal artery arise from? |
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Definition
| from the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery |
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Term
| describe the path of the internal pudendal artery? |
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Definition
exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the prirformis muscle, usually lies intermediate to the pudendal nerve and the nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles |
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Term
| the internal pudendal artery passes _____ to the sacrospinous ligament and reenters the pelvis via what to supply what? |
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Definition
| posterior, via lesser sciatic foramen, then supplies obturator internus muscle |
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Term
| where does the inferior gluteal artery arise from? |
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Definition
| anterior trunk of internal iliac artery |
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Term
| what does the inferior gluteal artery supply? |
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Definition
before exiting the pelvis is supplies the piriformis, levator ani and coccygeus muscles after exiting the pelvis, supplies the gluteus maximus and superior gemellus muscles the sciatic nerve and the hip joint |
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Term
| describe the path of the inferior gluteal artery? |
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Definition
exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis muscle, passes posterior lateral and inferior to supply gluteal region |
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Term
| where does the superior gluteal artery arise from? |
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Definition
| from the posterior trunk of internal iliac artery |
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Term
| what does the superior gluteal artery supply? |
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Definition
before exiting the pelvis is supplies the piriformis and obturator internus muscles -a superficial branch passes posterior to supply the gluteus maximus muscle - a deep branch passs laterla to supply the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata muscles and the hip joint |
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Term
| Describe the path of the superior gluteal artery? |
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Definition
| exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the pirirformis muscle |
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