The family may a have a different perspective regarding the disability due to:

many different factors such as individual viewpoints, religious beliefs, or cultural factors.

1. assessment

2. development of instructional goals

3. actual delivery of instruction and therapy supports.

• a) Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, resulting in IQ score 70 or below

• b) Concurrent behaviors in adaptive behavior that are impairments of the student’s ability to meet standards of maturity, learning and personal independence expected of their age and social subgroup

• c) These are manifested during the developmental period (conception to 18 years old)

  
  

List the two types of attending required for successful learning and briefly explain the impairments associated with each type of attending for students with significant intellectual disabilities.

• Selective Attention is the ability to attend to the relevant aspects of a task and to ignore irrelevant aspects

• Sustained Attention is the ability to maintain concentration long enough to process and comprehend informatio

List two of the characteristics associated with play behavior of students with significant intellectual disabilities.

• Less likely to engage in imaginative play or symbolic play due to concrete rather than abstract nature of their cognitive abilities

• Engaged in a solitary play rather than social play

• Limited cognitive ability to deal with abstractions

• Functioning at pre-alphabetic stage of reading

• Learning results from systematic direct instruction

• Connect print to ideas and produce and read the idea rather than reading the exact wording

  
  

 Define and provide examples of the two forms of communication, symbolic and nonsymbolic.

• Symbolic Communication is communicating using specific symbols that represent an object, action of thought. Forms of symbolic communication include speech, manual sign language, pictures and written language.

• Nonsymbolic Communication is communication using typical or atypical movements, gestures or sounds to represent an object, action or thought. Forms on nonsymbolic communication include vocalizations, physiological changes, facial expressions, gestures and behavior.

  
  

9.  Describe the pragmatic use of language for students with significant intellectual disabilities.

Zeaman and House provide a model for learning which is composed of two stages. List the two stages and explain what we know about learning for students with significant intellectual disabilities during the first stage of the model

• 1s stage-Trial and Error Period for selecting what to look for in the material or activity in order to reliably select the correct answer.

• 2nd stage-Practice and Learning-Learners with intellectual disabilities require more trials.

Basic to the Dynamical Systems Theory is that movement emerges primarily from the interaction of three factors: the __  ______, the __________ and the __    ______.

Individual

Task

Environment

Children initially gain control over the muscles of the trunk which provides the stability necessary to then allow movement of the arms and legs against gravity. This statement is an example of the principle that motor development proceeds in a _______ to ___________ direction.

Proximal

Distal

Generally, primitive reflexes function in two basic categories, one function is to _________ the baby, while another function is to form the beginning of _______.

Protect

Motor Skills

Pyramidal system

Dyskinetic

Cerebellum

2.  List 4 additional impairments that may accompany cerebral palsy.

disorders of sensation,

cognition,

communication,

perception

3.  Someone with low tone is said to be ______.

Cogntive

Motor disability

Meninges

Spinal vertebrae

Children with myelomeningocele are at risk of having what type of eye impairment?

Many children with myelomeningocele are sensitive or allergic to _____.

focal effects

_diffuse___

List three categories of post traumatic seizures.

1. immediate (occurring when the injury occurred)

2. early (occurring one week after the injury)

3. late (occurring after one week of the injury)

10.  Educators need to be aware that students with traumatic brain injury often present with significant ________________ deficits that affect personality, emotions and behavior.

psychosocial and behavioral needs

individual

environmental

device

Atypical movements and motor ability

Sensory loss, fatigue

Lack of endurance, health factors, CI, communication issues, motivation

List three AT services that should be provided by the school system.

Evaluating students for AT,

acquiring, AT devices,

designing/customizing devices, maintaining/repairing.

____________________ is when the software program highlights one choice at a time in a sequential manner and the student makes the selection by activating a switch. (149)

scanning

scoliosis/lateral: sideways curve of the spine.

kyphosis: abnormal posterior curve of the spine.

lordosis: abnormal anterior curve of the spine that usually occurs in the lower back.

1. protects the spinal cord, which runs through the middle of the vertebrae.

2. it provides support for the body and posture for the trunk through the spines own normally curved structure.

Chronic

16

Joints that are freely moveable, such as knee or elbow joints, are known as _____________ joints.

Synovial

Joint

inflamaion

flexion

extension

6.  The course of arthrogryposis is dependent upon the _________________.

etiology

cliniacal observation

radiological examintation

t\genetic studies

Contrast the terms “blind” and “low vision” as defined by this text.

Blind- Individuals who are totally without vision or who have light perception.

Low Vision- Individuals who have significant

___________ are adaptations made to a task that do not alter the performance standards.

Accommodations

height

slant

Some possible instructional strategies that may benefit students with physical or health disabilities are ________and ________________.

level of support

time to complete assignments.

For students who fatigue easily or require a long period of time to complete assignments, the teacher can provide the following adaptations:  

abbreviated and broken into smaller sections.

The primary purpose of treatment for children with spinal muscular atrophy is

minimizing the symptoms of the disease and providing appropriate adaptations to maintain a good quality of life.

(a) they are primary neuropathies,

(b) genetically based,

(c) have a progressive, degenerative course,

(d) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are affected

Unable to sit or stand requiring a wheelchair;

to walk independently need leg braces, walker or wheelchair;

and scoliosis can result

Name one characteristic of the sweat produced by children with cystic fibrosis.

List three airway clearance techniques that may be used by individuals with cystic fibrosis.

1. Chest physiotherapy,

2. Vest clearance system,

3. Vibropercussion

 One of the side effects of cystic fibrosis results in the inability to completely clear the respiratory system of the thick, sticky mucus resulting in ________.

respiratory infections

When symptoms of cystic fibrosis are present at birth, they are usually those affecting the ______ system.

gastrointestinal

What is a “tune-up” in regards to individuals with cystic fibrosis?

A ______ condition is one which lasts for a substantial time period, persists or more than 3 months in a year, or necessitates a period of continuous hospitalizations for more than a month.

chronic

A truly mature concept of death is not usually achieved until ________.

adolescence.

Hospital teachers need to respond to medication and treatment-based changes in students by providing accommodations and modifications in:

1) curriculum content;

2) teaching strategies;

3) scheduling.

The phenomena of ___________ can explain why individuals with chronic illness may rely inappropriately on others and displays reduced initiative for everyday tasks.

learned helplessness

Sometime peers and teachers begin the mourning process before a students with chronic illness actually dies. This phenomenon is called _____________.

anticipatory grief.

Fever 

Infection

Trauma

Distinguish between symptomatic and idiopathic epilepsy.

___________ occurs as a part of a symptom of a known cause. These causes are usually due to chronic conditions involving abnormalities of the brain. __________has no known cause.

Symptomatic Epilepsy

Idiopathic Epilepsy

part of one hemisphere

both cerebral hemispheres

Medication

Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Surgery

Focal Excision

Hemispherectomy

What are for four major features of asthma?

1. recurrent and variable symptoms

2. underlying inflammation

3. airway obstruction

4. airway hyper responsiveness to a variety of stimuli

What occurs during the late phase on an asthma attack.

tissue inflammation and the immune cellular response

Two categories of medication used to treat asthma are ___________

short-acting beta agonists bronchodilator

and _anticholinergic bronchodilators.

Name three things diagnosis is based on.

medical history

physical exam

lab tests

What are the four categories of asthma based on the severity of the asthma?

intermittent

mild persistent

moderate persistent

severe persistent

Diabetes that developed due to another disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis) is known as __________.

secondary diabetes

Diabetes refers to a condition in which there is an abnormally high amount of _______ in the bloodstream due to impaired secretion of insulin.

glucose

Name one of the primary test used for detection of hyperglycemia and diabetes.

The primary treatment for diabetes mellitus consists of maintaining a balance of  what three things?

Medication (insulin),

diet,

exercise

__________ provide a closer approximation to more typical insulin profiles of individuals who do not have diabetes. They have been associated with improved control of glucose and decreased risk of hypoglycemia.

Insuline Pumps

environmental adaptations, behavioral strategies, and medications.

_______ is a complex neurological disorder that is found almost exclusively in females and has a decrease in communication,  motor skills, and hand stereotypies.

Rett Syndrome

For students with hemophilia who also have additional disabilities and no recognizable means of communication, teachers must be alert for what type of symptoms to indicate there is internal bleeding?

bubbling and tingling sensation, pain, swelling, warm to touch

What are some typical symptoms of chemotherapy that a teacher should observe for?

pain, stomach upset, sleep disturbance, fatigue

The term ________ refers to any infection that is not transmitted congenitally.

acquired infection

Infections can be “hosted” in:

1) ___person___; 2) __animal_____; or 3) ___nonanimal material___, such as garden soil.

Four categories of infection transmission are:

1) ___airborne_____;

2) _____contact____;

3) __vehicle_______; and

4) ___vector borne_____.

Some colleges now require proof of _______ vaccine for college students who will live in dormitories.

meningococcal

List the TORCH infections.

Toxoplasmosis,

Other, Rubella,

Cytomegalovrius,

Herpes

________ remains a significant health problem in countries do not have widespread immunization programs.

Rubella

 _________ is the most common cause of congenital infection in developed countries.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Children with ____________ may continue to be contagious for several years without apparent symptoms.

CMV

The most common virus in humans is ____________________.

Herpes

If a woman with genital herpes is pregnant, transmission to her baby may be prevented if ____________.

delivered by cesarean section

Regardless of whether or not there is a known infection in the classroom, infection control procedures such as __________________ should be implemented in every classroom.

proper hand washing and cleaning of equipment and environmental srfaces