Term
| A(n)________________ is a defect in an argument that consists in something other than false premises alone. |
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| A(n)________________ is one that may be identified by merely examining the form or structure of an argument. |
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| A(n) ________________ is one that can be detected only by examining the content of the argument. |
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| The fallacy of ______________ occurs whenever an arguer poses a conclusion to another person and tells tat person either implicitly or explicitly that some harm will come to him or her if he or she does not accept the conclusion. |
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Definition
| Appeal to Force (Ad Baculum) |
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| The fallacy of _________________ occurs when an arguer attempts to support a conclusion by merely evoking pity from the reader or listener. |
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| The fallacy of ______________ uses the desire to be accepted or to be held in high regard by others to get the reader or listener to accept the conclusion. This fallacy targets mainly groups as a whole to get the crowd to do something because everyone around them is literally doing it. |
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Definition
| Appeal to the People (Ad Populum) |
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| The _____________ uses the idea that you will be left behind or left out of the group if do not use the product to get you to do or accept something. This fallacy mainly targets singular people to partake in an activity that everyone is supposedly doing. |
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Definition
| Ad Populum Bandwagon Argument |
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Term
| The _______________ often associates the product with someone who is admired, pursued, or imitated, the idea being that you, too, will be admired and pursued if you use it. This fallacy targets individuals to the groups that they want to join to improve something about themselves. |
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Definition
| Ad Populum Appeal to Vanity |
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| The ______________ depends on a similar kind of association as the appeal to vanity. This fallacy targets those who already feel they are at a high status level and want others to be aware of that. |
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Definition
| Ad Populum Appeal to Snobbery |
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Term
| The fallacy _______________ always involves two arguers. One of them advances a certain argument, and the other then responds by directing his or her attention not to the first person's argument but to the first person himself. |
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Definition
| Argument Against the Person (Ad Hominem) |
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| In the ______________, the second person of the Ad Hominem responds to the first person's argument by verbally abusing the first person. |
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| The ______________ begins the same way as the Ad Hominem Abusive, but instead of heaping verbal abuse on his or her opponent, the respondent attempts to discredit the opponent's argument by alluding to certain circumstances that affected the opponent. |
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Definition
| Ad Hominem Circumstantial |
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Term
| The ____________ (You Too) fallacy begins the same way as the other two varieties of the ad hominem argument, except that the second arguer attempts to make the first appear to be hypocritical or arguing in bad faith. Essentially, the second person is attacking the first person back in a similar manner to which he was attacked. |
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| A fallacy of __________ is committed when a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover. One should be able to Identify the general rule and how it was misapplied to a specific case it was no intended to cover. |
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| The ___________ fallacy is committed when an arguer distorts an opponent's argument's argument for the purpose of more easily attacking it, demolishes the distorted argument, and then concludes that the opponent's real argument has been demolished. |
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| ____________ illustrates a special form of irrelevance. This fallacy occurs when the premises of an argument support one particular conclusion but then a different conclusion, often vaguely related to the correct conclusion is drawn. Whenever one suspects that such a fallacy is being committed, one should be able to identify the correct conclusion, the conclusion that the premises logically imply. |
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Definition
| Missing the Point (Ignoratio Elenchi) |
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Term
| The ___________ fallacy is committed when the arguer diverts the attention of the reader or listener by changing the subject to a different but sometimes subtlety related one. He or she then finishes by either drawing a conclusion about this different issue or by merely presuming that some conclusion has been established. |
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| A(n)________________ fallacy is a variety of the argument from authority and occurs when the cited authority or witness lacks credibility. They could also be reasonably biased, motivated to lie. Once cannot be a proper authority on moral matters. |
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Definition
| Appeal to Unqualified Authority |
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| A(n) ________________ fallacy happens when the premises of an argument state that nothing has been proved one way or the other about something, and the conclusion then makes a definite assertion about that thing. Nobody has proven X is true, therefore it must be false. |
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| ________________ is a fallacy that affects inductive generalizations. It makes an unfair stereotyping based off a sample that is not large enough or representative of the subjects being sampled. |
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| The fallacy of ________________ occurs whenever the link between premises and conclusions depends on some imagined casual connection that probably does not exist. |
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| The fallacy of _________________ occurs when one thing must be the cause of another cause it came before it. |
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Definition
| False Cause - Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc |
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Term
| The fallacy of _______________ is one that happens when a correlation that is made is stated as the cause. |
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Definition
| False Cause - Non Causa Pro Causa |
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Term
| The Fallacy of ________________ occurs when a conclusions is stated from a cause(s) but there is at least one plausible cause that is not mentioned. |
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Definition
| False Cause - Oversimplified Cause |
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Term
| The ____________ occurs when an argument uses past outcomes in a completely random situation such as a roulette game influence future decisions for related actions such as what you are betting on next. Used majority of the time with gambling examples. |
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Definition
| False Cause - Gambler's Fallacy |
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Term
| The fallacy of ______________ is a variety of the false cause fallacy and occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place. |
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| The fallacy of _____________ is committed hen the analogy is not strong enough to support the conclusion drawn. |
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| The fallacy of __________________ is committed whenever the arguer creates the illusion that the inadequate premises provide adequate support for the conclusion by leaving out a key premise that is questionable. Also by restating a possibly false premise as the conclusion. Finally by using circular reasoning. |
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Definition
| Begging the Question (Petito Principii) |
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Term
| The fallacy of _____________ is committed when two or more questions are asked in the guise of a single question and a single answer is then given to both of them. |
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| The fallacy of ______________ is committed when a disjunctive (either or statement) premise resents two unlikely alternatives as if they were the only ones available, and the arguer then eliminates the undesirable alternative, leaving the desirable one as the conclusion. |
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| The fallacy of _______________ occurs if a key piece of evidence is left out. The left out evidence, if it were included, would point to a different conclusion. |
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| The fallacy of _____________ occurs when the conclusion of an argument depends on the fact that a word or phrase is used, either explicitly or implicitly, in two different sense of the argument. It changes what a word in the argument means. |
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| The fallacy of ____________ occurs the arguer misinterprets an ambiguous statement and then draws a conclusion based on this faulty interpretation. This is misinterpretation of a phrase or statement. |
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| The fallacy of ____________ is committed when the conclusion of an argument depends on the erroneous transference of an attribute from the parts of something onto the whole. |
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| The fallacy of _______________ is committed when the conclusion of an argument depends on the erroneous transference of an attribute from a whole (or a class) into its parts (or members). |
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