Term
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Definition
1. ID question type
2. Untangle stimulus
3. Predict
4. Evaluate answer choice |
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Term
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Definition
1. Extreme - statement that goes too far needed for conclusion
2. 180 - opposite of what the author believes or is assuming
3. Distortion - half right, half wrong
4. FUD - faulty use of detail - uses details from stimulus not relevant to assumption
5. Irrelevant comparison - makes a comparison that doesn't effect the argument
6. Out of Scope - most common wrong answer choice, goes beyond the stimulus
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Term
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Definition
What does the author want to know? What does he want to convince me of? |
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Term
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Definition
Why does he feel the way he does? |
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Term
LR - LOGICAL FLAWS AND ASSUMPTION |
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Definition
Be on the lookout for disconnects between evidence and conclusion - every flawed argument makes an unwarranted assumption. |
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Term
LOGICAL REASONING - ASSUMPTION QUESTIONS |
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Definition
1. Conclusion, because evidence
2. Correct answers are missing evidence that MBT
3. Think of assumption as a bridge b/w two cliffs, linking the evidence and conclusion in a logical way. |
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Term
EVIDENCE + ASSUMPTION = CONCLUSION |
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Definition
If evidence -> conclusion
ASSUMPTION = missing evidence
Look for mismatched terms |
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Term
ASSUMPTION - ONE SENTENCE TEST |
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Definition
STRAGEDY
If you had to pick one sentence to bring what the AU wanted to convince you of - find the one sentence. |
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Term
ASSUMPTION - WRONG ANSWER CHOICES |
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Definition
Always try to predict the correct answer and scan for it among the answer choices. However, when you have trouble predicting it, you can scan the choices and characterize and eliminate wrong answers. |
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Term
LR ASSUMPTION - DIFFICULT AND AMBIGUOUS STIMULI |
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Definition
Paraphrase lengthy and dense stimuli. Stay focused on the gap between the conlusion and the premises - or evidence. |
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Term
ASSUMPTION - THE DENIAL TEST |
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Definition
Some assumptions are difficult to predict. Scan the choices looking for the right general idea and then use the Denial Test on the one you choose to see what effect it has on the logic of the argument. |
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Term
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Definition
Sum up the argument, identifying evidence and conclusion. Look for assumptions and for alternatives that make the conclusion less likely. |
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Term
LR - WEAKENING CAUSAL ARGUMENTS |
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Definition
When the argument makes a claim of causation, look for one of the three classic alternatives to an "X caused Y" argument:
1. The causality is reversed (Y actually caused X.) That's rare on the LSAT.
2. An alternative cause exists for the effect (Z caused Y). That's very common.
3. The connection between X and Y is coincidental. |
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Term
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Definition
Characterize the answer choices - the four wrong answers will be strengtheners. |
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Term
LR - STRENGTHEN THE ARGUMENT |
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Definition
What would make it more believable that the evidence really does lead to the conclusion? |
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Term
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Definition
What concept appears in the conclusion that's not in the evidence? |
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Term
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Definition
Consider the classic alternatives to a claim of causation. |
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Term
LG - INFERENCE QUESTIONS - THE BASICS |
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Definition
1. Identify the question type.
"most strongly supported by the statements above."
"properly inferred"
"if the statements above are true"
2. Untangle the Stimulus.
An inference stimulus will almost always be a set of facts, not an argument.
Accept each sentence as true, note any connections between sentencees, and translate any formal logic statements.
3. Make Prediction.
4.Evaluate the answer choice. |
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Term
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Definition
Understand each sentence individually, note connections beteen sentences, and evaluate each choice. Remember: An inference is something that must be true based on the information in the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
Except means that you must carefully define the nature of the one right and four wrong answer choices. |
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Term
LR - INFERENCE AND FORMAL LOGIC |
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Definition
When you are dealing with formal logic in an inference question, you must translate each statement into simple terms. Then look to combine statements, beginning with the most concrete. |
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Term
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Definition
This question is about structure, not content. Paraphrase the argument in the simplest terms possible and test each choice rigorously against the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Logic - evidence and conclusion
2. Illustration
3. Contrast - but, however, yet
4. Chronological order
5. Author speaking |
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Term
FORMAL LOGIC - SUFFICIENT CONDITION |
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Definition
SUFFICIENT CONDITION
If
All
Every
Any
When/Whenever
Always |
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Term
LR - ASSUMPTION - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
assumed
assumption
presuppose
if added to the premises |
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Term
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Definition
Bridge the gap between the evidence and the conclusion. |
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Term
LR - STRENGTHEN/WEAKEN - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
strengthen
most strongly supports the author
vs.
most weakens
calls into questions
undermines |
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Term
LR - STRENGTHEN/WEAKEN - TASK |
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Definition
Find the answer that makes the conclusion more/less likely to follow from the evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
vulunerable to criticism
questionable
error of reasoning
describes a flaw |
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Term
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Definition
Find disconnects between the evidence and the conclusion, and identify classic flaws. |
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Term
LR - INFERENCE - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
must be true
logically completes the passage
can be inferred
which of the following is most strongly supported |
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Term
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Definition
Determine what must be true. Look for connections. |
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Term
LR - PARALLEL REASONING - IDENTIFY |
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Definition
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Term
LR - PARALLEL REASONING - TASK |
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Definition
Compare part, of all, of the stimulus to the choices. |
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Term
IDENTIFY KEYWORDS - NECESSARY CONDITION |
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Definition
Only
Only if
Unless
Must
Need Required |
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