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Outline why population numbers for plants and animals do not stay constant over time |
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Definition
| Plants and animals reproduce seasonally so in winter there will be less than in spring |
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| The Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 listed over 1100 native species as either endangered or vulnerable. Gilbert's potoroo is listed as a critically endangered mammal and the Canberra spider orchid is listed as a nationally endangered plant. Identify contributing factors that are causing this trend in declining numbers of native species. |
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Definition
| The trend of declining numbers of native species is due to a variety of factors and each species has particular problems threatening its survival. Competition and land degredation caused by introduced animals. Land clearing is another major problem as well as predation by feral cats |
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Prey is the thing being targeted Predator is the thing doing the targetting |
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| Identify a predator-prey relationship in a named ecosystem and discuss factors that influence the population sizes |
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Definition
| The kookaburra feeds on rodents such as the marsupial mouse in woodland ecosystems. The size of the populations of each are dependant on each others. |
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A group of Biology students studied the numbers of aphids and ladybird beetles on rose bushed in the ornamental garden of their school. Ladybird beetles eat aphids.The students collated their results and drew the following graph[image]
Discuss the factors which lead to the shape of the graph |
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Allelopathy release of chemical substances by one species to inhibit the growth of another. such as penicillin mold. Penicillin produces a chemical that prevents bacterial growth.
Parasitism. One species benefits and the other species is harmed such as ticks and humans. The human is the host and the tick is the parasite |
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Definition
Mutualism is where both partners benefit such as with lichen. Cyanobacteria photosynthesis amd provides and provides food, fungi protects and allows survival in dry areas.
Commensalism is where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor recieves and benefit such as with shark and remora fish. Remora attaches to shark and eats remains of sharks food and parasites on shark and uses less energy to move around, shark may benefit if parasites are removed |
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Term
| Name two groups of organisms which are decomposers and explain why they are important in maintaining the balance in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| Fungi and bacteria, they are important because they return materials to the soil so they can be used again. |
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Leaves -> Aphids ->willy-wagtail ->feral fox
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ladybird beetle eagle |
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| The energy pyramid shows 100000 joules of energy in a plant in an ecosystem. Identify the different trophic levels and the amount of energy passed to each level. Explain how energy moves through an ecosystem |
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| Use a specific example to explain why there are problems inferring a characteristic is an adaptation for living in a particular habitat |
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