Term
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Definition
ester
-Novocaine
-readily hydrolyzed in plasma -> short duration
-often combined with epi for infiltration, nerve block, spinal anesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
ester
-short duration of action |
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Term
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Definition
ester
-Potocaine
-effective topical LA
-most commonly used drug for spinal anesthesia
-more lipophilic -> more potent, long lasting, and toxic than procaine and cocaine |
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Term
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Definition
ester
-surface use only
-ester of PABA (lacks the terminal amino group)
-poorly water soluble -> dusting powder or ointment for wounds and ulcerated surfaces w/o systemic toxicity issues |
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Term
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Definition
amide
-Xylocaine
-intermediate duration of action
-well tolerated, one of most commonly used
-more prompt, intense, longer lasting, more extensive anesthetic than procaine
-DOC for pts with ester sensitivity
-may produce drowsiness
-used as antiarrythmic agent |
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Term
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Definition
amide
-intermediate duration of action |
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Term
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Definition
amide
-intermediate duration of action
-more rapid, longer action than lidocaine
-used to be widely used in obstetrics -> less now because of transient neurobehavioral effects in neonate |
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Term
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Definition
amide
-long duration of action
-some nerve block lasts >24 hrs -> advantage for postoperative analgesia
-used for epidural an. in obstetrics -> low pain of labor but permits motor activity to aid expelling fetus
-no behavioral effects in neonate
-more lipophilic -> more potent, toxic (heart) |
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Term
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Definition
amide
-longer duration of action than bupivacaine |
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Term
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Definition
vasoconstrictor
-decreases rate of absorption of anesthetic to...
1) localize anesthetic at desired site and prolong drug action
2) allow body's ability to metabolize drug keep pace with rate at which drug is absorbed into circulation -> reduce systemic toxicity of local anesthetic |
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