Term
| local anesthetics contain 2 drugs what are they |
|
Definition
local anesthetic agent
vasocostrictor (requires sodium bisulfite as preservative, can cause allergies) |
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Term
| what are the lidocain (xylocaine) ratios |
|
Definition
2% plain lidocaine
2% 1;50,000
2% 1:100,000 |
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|
Term
| what are mepivicaine ratios? |
|
Definition
3% plain
2% 1;20,000 levonordefrin
NOTE MEPIVICAINE is not as vasodilating |
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Term
| what is a good amide local for pt with liver damage? |
|
Definition
prilocaine: 4% plain 1:200,000
it is mostly broken down in lungs |
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|
Term
| what is important about articaine (septocaine) |
|
Definition
4% 1;100,000 epi 4% 1;200,000
kicks in quick but does not last long
used for infiltration on maxilla only |
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|
Term
| what is the strongest amide 0.5 % 1;200,000 |
|
Definition
bupivicaine (marcaine)
long half life 3.5 hours |
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|
Term
what are short acting LA's without epi
last 30 min and do not contain vasoconstrictors |
|
Definition
-lidocaine 2%
-mepivicaine 3%
-prilocaine 4% |
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|
Term
| which is long acting local 90 min or more |
|
Definition
| bupivicaine 0.5% 1;200,000 |
|
|
Term
| which alveolar bone is less dense, maxillary or mandibular |
|
Definition
| maxillary is less dense than mandibular |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| block beta receptors-limits epi to heart |
|
|
Term
| which receptors are most sensitive to epi? alpha or beta |
|
Definition
| beta are more sensitive to epi |
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|
Term
| why is articaine goog for liver pt? |
|
Definition
| hydrolyzed in plasma 95% and biotransformed in liver |
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|
Term
| what is the only amide that has ester component attached to aromatic ring structure, and has shortest half life, and has low risk for systemic toxicity? |
|
Definition
| articaine septocaine has ester, low risk for toxicity, and shortest half life. |
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|
Term
| myasthenia gravis pts should not be given esters, why? |
|
Definition
esters are metabolized in blood plasma and they are on cholinisterase inhibitors.
give them amides!!! |
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