Shared Flashcard Set

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LNA Ch 18 & 19
Module 10
100
Medical
Beginner
12/06/2024

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
AIDS Dementia Complex
Definition
a group of symptoms including memory loss, poor coordination, paralysis, and confusion that occurs in the late stages of AIDS due to damage to the central nervous system
Term
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Definition
the final stage of HIV infection, in which infections, tumors, and central nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection
Term
Acute Illness
Definition
an illness that has a rapid onset, is usually short-term and is treated immediately
Term
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Definition
a condition in which the macula gradually deteriorates, causing vision loss and problems such as the inability to recognize faces, drive, read, and write.
Term
Agitated
Definition
the state of being excited, restless, or troubled
Term
Alternative Medicine
Definition
health practices and medical treatments used instead of conventional methods
Term
Alzheimer’s Disease
Definition
a progressive, incurable disease that causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, which eventually causes dementia
Term
Amputation
Definition
the surgical removal of some or all of a body part
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
chest pain, pressure, or discomfort
Term
Arthritis
Definition
a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints, causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility
Term
Asthma
Definition
a chronic inflammatory disease that makes it difficult to breathe and causes coughing and wheezing
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
the hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels
Term
Autoimmune Illness
Definition
an illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body
Term
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
Definition
a disorder that can occur in men as they age, in which the prostate becomes enlarged and causes problems with urination and/or emptying the bladder
Term
Benign Tumors
Definition
tumors that are considered noncancerous
Term
Bronchiectasis
Definition
a condition in which the bronchial tubes are abnormally enlarged, causing chronic coughing, thick sputum, recurrent pneumonia, and weight loss
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchi
Term
Cancer
Definition
general term to describe a disease in which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way
Term
Cataract
Definition
a condition in which cloudy spots develop in the lens of the eye, causing vision loss
Term
Catastrophic Reaction
Definition
reacting to something in an unreasonable, exaggerated way
Term
Chancres
Definition
open sores
Term
Chlamydia
Definition
a sexually transmitted disease infection that is caused by organisms introduced into the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract
Term
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Definition
a chronic, progressive, and incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing, weakness, and a high risk for lung infections
Term
Chronic illness
Definition
a disease or condition that is long-term or long-lasting and requires management of symptoms
Term
Closed Fracture
Definition
a broken bone that does not break the skin
Term
Cognition
Definition
the ability to think logically and clearly
Term
Cognitive Impairment
Definition
the loss of ability to think logically and clearly
Term
Complementary Medicine
Definition
treatments that are used in addition to the conventional treatments prescribed by a doctor
Term
Confusion
Definition
the inability to think logically and clearly
Term
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Definition
a condition in which the heart muscle is damaged and is no longer able to pump effectively
Term
Degenerative
Definition
something that continually gets worse
Term
Delirium
Definition
a state of severe confusion that occurs suddenly and is usually temporary
Term
Delusions
Definition
persistent false beliefs
Term
Dementia
Definition
a general term that refers to a serious, progressive loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating
Term
Dermatitis
Definition
a general term that refers to an inflammation of the skin causing swollen, reddened, irritated, and itchy skin
Term
Diabetes
Definition
a condition in which the pancreas produces no insulin, too little insulin, or does not properly use insulin
Term
Diabetic Retinopathy
Definition
a complication of diabetes caused by damage to the retina; causes spots, blurred vision, and difficulty seeing well at night and may lead to blindness.
Term
Elopes
Definition
in medicine, when a person with Alzheimer's disease wanders away from a protected area and does not return on his own
Term
Emphysema
Definition
a chronic disease of the lungs that usually results from cigarette smoking
Term
Epilepsy
Definition
a brain disorder that results from a disruption in normal electrical impulses in the brain, which causes repeated seizures
Term
Full-weight-bearing
Definition
a doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight on both legs
Term
Genital HPV Infections
Definition
a sexually transmitted infection caused by human papillomavirus; may cause genital warts and an abnormal pap test, and can lead to cervical cancer
Term
Genital Herpes
Definition
an incurable type of sexually transmitted infection that is caused by herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2); causes painful sores on the genitals
Term
Gestational Diabetes
Definition
a type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy
Term
Glaucoma
Definition
a disease in which increased pressure inside the eye causes damage that often leads to vision loss and blindness
Term
Glucose
Definition
natural sugar
Term
Gonorrhea
Definition
a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria; signs include white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis, swollen testes, burning during urination, cloudy vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding between periods, and rectal itching and soreness
Term
Hallucinations
Definition
false or distorted sensory perceptions
Term
Hoarding
Definition
collecting and putting things away in a guarded way
Term
Hypertension (HTN)
Definition
High blood pressure, regularly measuring 130/80 mm Hg or higher
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
a condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing body processes to speed up, resulting in rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and nervousness
Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
a condition in which the thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, causing body processes to slow down, resulting in fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and intolerance to cold
Term
Inflammation
Definition
swelling
Term
Insulin
Definition
a hormone that works to move glucose from the blood and into the cells for energy for the body
Term
Intervention
Definition
a way to change an action or development
Term
Irreversible
Definition
unable to be reversed or returned to the original state
Term
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Definition
a rare form of skin cancer that appears as purple, red, or brown skin lesions
Term
Lung Cancer
Definition
the growth of abnormal cells or tumors in the lungs
Term
Malignant Tumors
Definition
tumors that are cancerous
Term
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Definition
a progressive disease in which the myelin sheath breaks down over time; without this protective covering, nerves cannot conduct impulses to and from the brain in a normal way
Term
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Definition
a progressive, inherited disease that causes a gradual wasting away of muscle, weakness, and deformity
Term
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Definition
a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked; heart attack
Term
Neuropathy
Definition
numbness, tingling, and pain in the feet and legs
Term
Nitroglycerin
Definition
a medication that helps to relax the walls of the coronary arteries, allowing them to open and get more blood to the heart; comes in tablet, patch, or spray form
Term
Non-weight-bearing
Definition
a doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs
Term
Onset
Definition
in medicine, the first appearance of signs or symptoms of an illness
Term
Open Fracture
Definition
a broken bone that penetrates the skin; compound fracture
Term
Opportunistic Infections
Definition
infections that invade the body when the immune system is weak and unable to defend itself
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
condition in which bones become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily
Term
Pacing
Definition
walking back and forth in the same area
Term
Paraplegia
Definition
the loss of function of the lower body and legs
Term
Parkinson’s Disease
Definition
progressive, incurable disease that causes the brain to degenerate; affecting muscle function and causing stooped posture, shuffling gait, pill-rolling, and tremors
Term
Partial-weight-bearing
Definition
a doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs
Term
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
Definition
a disease in which the legs, feet, arms, or hands do not have enough blood circulation due to fatty deposits in blood vessels that harden over time; causes cold legs, feet, arms, and hands, as well as pain, swelling, and ulcers of the legs and feet
Term
Perseveration
Definition
the repetition of words, phrases, questions, or actions
Term
Phantom Limb Pain
Definition
pain in a limb or extremity that has been amputated
Term
Phantom Sensation
Definition
warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that causes acute inflammation in lung tissue, causing fever, chills, cough, greenish sputum, chest pains, and rapid pulse
Term
Pre-diabetes
Definition
a condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
Term
Progressive
Definition
something that continually gets worse or deteriorates
Term
Prosthesis
Definition
a device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect
Term
Quadriplegia
Definition
the loss of function in the legs, trunk, and arms
Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities
Term
Rummaging
Definition
going through drawers, closets, or personal items that belong to oneself or to other people.
Term
Scabies
Definition
a contagious skin infection caused by a tiny mite burrowing into the skin, where it lays eggs; causes intense itching and a skin rash that may look like thin burrow tracks.
Term
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Definition
infections caused by sexual contact with infected people; signs and symptoms are not always apparent
Term
Shingles
Definition
a skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that causes pain, tingling, itching, and a rash of fluid-filled blisters.
Term
Sundowning
Definition
becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or at night.
Term
Syphilis
Definition
a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria; causes open sores on the penis or inside the vagina, as well as headache, fever, weight loss, and muscle aches
Term
Trigger
Definition
a situation that leads to agitation
Term
Tuberculosis (TB)
Definition
a highly contagious disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on the mucous droplets suspended in the air; causes fatigue, loss of appetite, slight fever, prolonged coughing, and shortness of breath
Term
Tumor
Definition
a cluster of abnormally growing cells
Term
Type 1 Diabetes
Definition
type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no insulin or too little insulin; is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and will continue throughout a person's life
Term
Type 2 Diabetes
Definition
a common form of diabetes in which either the body does not produce enough insulin or the body fails to properly use insulin; typically develops after 35 and is the milder form of diabetes
Term
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)
Definition
a viral or bacterial infection of the nose, sinuses, and throat, causing nasal discharge, sore throat, fever, and fatigue
Term
Vaginitis
Definition
an inflammation of the vagina that may be caused by bacteria, protozoa, or a fungus
Term
Validating
Definition
giving value or approving
Term
Wandering
Definition
walking around aimlessly in the facility or on facility grounds
Term
Wound
Definition
a type of injury to the skin
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