Must be prepared to view live specimens under a microscope. A thin

specimen is placed on a clean glass slide. A drop of water or stain is

 added to the specimen. Then, a cover slip is lowered at an angle to

prevent air bubbles from forming.

An experiment must be repeated several times before results are

considered valid.  A large sample size increases the validity of the data. 

Multiple setups should be used for each condition and the results averaged.

Used for comparison. A negative control is

not expected to change during an experiment, for example the test tube

which contained cream but no lipase showed no color change

during the fat hydrolysis experiment. A positivecontrol will show the

  change expected, for example the test tube with

standard DNA turned purple when heated with diphenylamine. The

spooled DNA from the onion was compared to it.  

what is measured in the experiment, such as ml. of oxygen gas produced,

number of heartbeats, cm of stem growth. It is placed on the y-axis.

 The first column contains numbers that go in increasing or decreasing

order. The top of each column must be titled and have the units indicated.

Only a single condition being investigated in an experiment should

differ. Otherwise, conditions in an experiment must be exactly the same

for all test tubes or test subjects.

determined from the data in an experiment and

stated as a complete

sentence.

an idea that is supported by the conclusion in an experiment

adjusts the brightness of a microscope

an indicator for starch (polysaccharide), amber in color,

will turn blue-black or purple of starch is present, also called

Lugol’s solution or starch indicator solution

When an acid is added to a base, the pH will gradually

lower until a neutral solution is obtained.  A salt and water forms.

an indicator for sugar; changes from blue to orange,

after heating, if sugar is present

lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Example: bacteria

contain a nucleus

Examples: protists, fungi, plant and animal cells 

found in autotrophic cells; produce glucose during the

process of photosynthesis; contain the light-capturing pigment

called chlorophyll; can be seen with a light microscope;

appear green because chlorophyll reflects the green wavelength of light

contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells;

made up of nucleotides; genetic information which

guides the formation of RNA

where aerobic respiration occurs; powerhouses of the cell;

produce ATP ( the main energy source for chemical reactions

within living cells)

a selectively permeable boundary around a cell; regulates which

molecules pass into and out of the cell; composed of lipid

and protein molecules; lipids are arranged in a phospholipid

bilayer with their hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails facing inward

surrounds the cell membrane and is the outer boundary of plant cells

the movement of molecules from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration;

will occur across a membrane if molecules are small and

uncharged;

Large molecules: starch, other polysaccharides, lipids;

Small molecules: water, glucose, amino acids, glycerol, nucleotides

the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

occurs when membrane proteins use ATP energy to carry

materials into and out of a cell; the movement of molecules

from an area of low concentration to an

area of higher concentration; large and charged molecules

are moved into cells by active transport; includes phagocytosis

allows for a fast rate of diffusion into a cell

protein molecules that catalyze (help) chemical reactions;

usually end in ase

the breaking down of large molecules into smaller

molecules with the addition of water

the combining of small molecules to form a larger

molecule with the loss of water

the building blocks of proteins; contain an

amino group (NH₂ ) , a carboxyl group (COOH),

an R (variable group) and an H attached to a central carbon;

there are 20 different kinds

Must be prepared to view live specimens under a microscope. A thin

specimen is placed on a clean glass slide. A drop of water or stain is

 added to the specimen. Then, a cover slip is lowered at an angle to

prevent air bubbles from forming.

An experiment must be repeated several times before results are

considered valid.  A large sample size increases the validity of the data. 

Multiple setups should be used for each condition and the results averaged.

Used for comparison. A negative control is

not expected to change during an experiment, for example the test tube

which contained cream but no lipase showed no color change

during the fat hydrolysis experiment. A positivecontrol will show the

  change expected, for example the test tube with

standard DNA turned purple when heated with diphenylamine. The

spooled DNA from the onion was compared to it.  

what is measured in the experiment, such as ml. of oxygen gas produced,

number of heartbeats, cm of stem growth. It is placed on the y-axis.

 The first column contains numbers that go in increasing or decreasing

order. The top of each column must be titled and have the units indicated.

Only a single condition being investigated in an experiment should

differ. Otherwise, conditions in an experiment must be exactly the same

for all test tubes or test subjects.

determined from the data in an experiment and

stated as a complete

sentence.

an idea that is supported by the conclusion in an experiment

adjusts the brightness of a microscope

an indicator for starch (polysaccharide), amber in color,

will turn blue-black or purple of starch is present, also called

Lugol’s solution or starch indicator solution

When an acid is added to a base, the pH will gradually

lower until a neutral solution is obtained.  A salt and water forms.

an indicator for sugar; changes from blue to orange,

after heating, if sugar is present

lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Example: bacteria

contain a nucleus

Examples: protists, fungi, plant and animal cells 

found in autotrophic cells; produce glucose during the

process of photosynthesis; contain the light-capturing pigment

called chlorophyll; can be seen with a light microscope;

appear green because chlorophyll reflects the green wavelength of light

contained in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells;

made up of nucleotides; genetic information which

guides the formation of RNA

where aerobic respiration occurs; powerhouses of the cell;

produce ATP ( the main energy source for chemical reactions

within living cells)

a selectively permeable boundary around a cell; regulates which

molecules pass into and out of the cell; composed of lipid

and protein molecules; lipids are arranged in a phospholipid

bilayer with their hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails facing inward

surrounds the cell membrane and is the outer boundary of plant cells

the movement of molecules from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration;

will occur across a membrane if molecules are small and

uncharged;

Large molecules: starch, other polysaccharides, lipids;

Small molecules: water, glucose, amino acids, glycerol, nucleotides

the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

occurs when membrane proteins use ATP energy to carry

materials into and out of a cell; the movement of molecules

from an area of low concentration to an

area of higher concentration; large and charged molecules

are moved into cells by active transport; includes phagocytosis

allows for a fast rate of diffusion into a cell

protein molecules that catalyze (help) chemical reactions;

usually end in ase

the breaking down of large molecules into smaller

molecules with the addition of water

the combining of small molecules to form a larger

molecule with the loss of water

the building blocks of proteins; contain an

amino group (NH₂ ) , a carboxyl group (COOH),

an R (variable group) and an H attached to a central carbon;

there are 20 different kinds