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Liver Pathology
Liver Images and mult choice
50
Pathology
Undergraduate 2
12/14/2010

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Cards

Term
This image is a congenital anomaly that has epithelial lining and is found more in middle age
Definition
hepatic cyst
Term
This image shows a highly echogenic tube inside the liver (relieves portal hypertension)
Definition
TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)
Term
This image shows a graph from doppler with all of the waveforms ABOVE the baseline
Definition
hepatopedal flow
Term
This image shows the liver with METS. The METS shown exhibit calcification.
Definition
METS from colon
Term
This image provides the hint: this liver mass is not likely to hemorrhage
Definition
FNH, focal nodular hyperplasia; For Non Hemorrhaging
Term
This image had the hint:prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries
Definition
Echinococcal cyst/ Hydatid disease
Term
This image shows a "break" in the diaphragm and a hint associated with tuberous sclerosis
Definition
hepatic lipoma
Term
This image shows a heterogeneous mass (I think) and gives the hint: diagnosis through serologic testing
Definition
amebiasis
Term
This image shows a fatty liver with focal areas of normal liver parenchyma (or the reverse, can't remember)
Definition
focal fatty sparing (focal fatty infiltration would be normal liver with a focal areas of fat infiltration)
Term
This image shows a shrunken liver with with coarse texture and ascites (maybe a hint like:6th leading cause of death in the U.S.)
Definition
Late stage cirrhosis
Term
This image gives the hint: Men 5:1 or more prevalent in men, elevated alpha fetoprotein
Definition
hepatocellular carcinoma HCC
Term
What affects the hepatocytes and interferes with liver function?
Definition
hepatocellular disease
Term
What are indications of intrahepatic masses?
Definition
displacement of hepatic vascular radicles
external bulging of liver capsule
posterior shift of IVC
Term
WHat are indications of extrahepatic masses?
Definition
internal invagination or discontinuity of liver capsule
anteromedial shift of the IVC
anterior displacement of the right kidney
Term
Which of the following is NOT a congenital anomaly of the liver:
hepatic cysts
peribiliary cysts
Adult polycystic liver disease
Von Gierke's
Von Meyenburg Complex (biliary hamartomas)
Definition
Von Gierkes
Term
If multiple cysts are visualized in the liver, what should the sonographer examine?
Definition
kidneys
Term
This is a small focal developmental lesion composed of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts; solid, hypoechoic nodules
Definition
VMC, biliary hamartomas
Term
This is an inflammation of the liver where the parenchyma appears hypoechoic, the portal vein borders have increased brightness, hepatomegaly and elevated AST, ALT, and bili
Definition
ACUTE hepatitis
Term
This is a prolonged inflammation of the liver, 3-6 mos, exhibiting a shrunken liver with increased echogenicity, decreased vascular wall visualization, coarse parenchyma
Definition
Chronic hepatitis
Term
This progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure
Definition
chronic hepatitis
Term
This disease has symptoms including elevated WBCs, fever, malaise, anorexia, RUQ pain, jaundice
Definition
Bacterial (Pyogenic) Disease
Term
This disease shows a characteristic pattern of a "wheel within a wheel" lesions
Definition
Candidiasis
Term
This liver disease exhibits elevated WBCs, pain and diarrhea
Definition
amebiasis
Term
Which of the following is not a finding of Hydatid disease:

densely calcified masses
simple cysts with "sand"
cysts with detached endocyst
widened echogenic portal tracts
cysts with daughter cysts
"water lily" sign
Definition
widened echogenic portal tracts goes with Schistosomiasis
Term
Which of the following is not a cause of fatty liver disease?
obesity
alcohol abuse
use of oral contraceptives
diabetes
severe hepatitis
poorly controlled hyperlipidemia
Definition
use of oral contraceptives
Term
What is defined as regions of increased echogenicity present within a background of normal liver?
Definition
focal fatty infiltration
Term
This is an autosomeal recessive genetic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism associated with hepatic adenomas and diffuse fatty infiltration
Definition
GSD (Glycogen Storage Disease) Type I, Von Gierkes
Term
What is a diffuse process that distorts the normal architecture of the liver?
Definition
cirrhosis
Term
What are the three pathologic mechanisms that create cirrhosis?
Definition
cell death, fibrosis, regeneration
Term
What is the most common benign tumor of the liver?
Definition
hemangioma, women 5:1, histologically multiple vascular channels; <3cm, hyperechoic
Term
What is the second most common benign liver tumor?
Definition
FNH; subtle, stealth, NOT likely to hemorrhage; hormonal influence; looks similar to an adenoma
Term
This is a rare liver tumor linked to oral contraceptives
Definition
hepatic adenoma; assoc with Von Gierkes; LIKELY to hemorrhage
Term
These are rare fatty tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis and renal angiomyolipomas
Definition
hepatic lipomas; "break" in diaphragm
Term
This is a common PRIMARY malignancy of the liver; men 5:1; caused by alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis B & C
Definition
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma; invades portal veins; increased alpha fetoprotein
Term
Remember hemangiosarcoma (angiosarcoma) is...
Definition
malignant
Term
What is the most common form of neoplastic involvement in the liver?
Definition
METS
Term
What are the three most common sources for METS in the liver?
Definition
GI, breast, lung
Term
METS: echogenic?
Definition
GI tract
Term
METS: hypoechoic?
Definition
lymphoma
Term
METS: bulls eye?
Definition
lung
Term
METS: calcified?
Definition
colon
Term
METS: cystic?
Definition
sarcoma (connective tissue)
Term
METS: infiltrative?
Definition
breast and lung
Term
What is the most common site for hepatic trauma?
Definition
posterior right lobe
Term
What is the benefit of U/S guided bx?
Definition
allows real-time observation of insertion of needle tip into the lesion
Term
What are two major causes of portal hypertension?
Definition
cirrhosis and schistosomiasis
Term
What accounts for 90% of all hypertension cases in the West?
Definition
cirrhosis
Term
What are 3 U/S findings of cirrhosis?
Definition
splenomegaly, ascites, venous collaterals
Term
What is a rare disorder affecting hepatic veins of the liver/
Definition
Budd-Chiari Syndrome; caudate spared; caudate enlargement
Term
Elevated direct bili and elev alk phos and dilated intrahepatic ducts applies to all the following EXCEPT:

biliary obstruction
parenchymal abnormalities
passive hepatic congestion
extrahepatic mass
stones and strictures of CBD
Definition
passive hepatic congestion
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