Comparison of two things without the words 'like' or 'as'.

An implied comparison.

Makes writing more vivid and meaningful.

Means "changed label" or "substitute name" in Greek.

"The White House declared" instead of "The President declared"

Used in an essay passage.

Verbal units and a speaker's attitude.

Indicative or subjunctive.

Prevailing atmosphere/emotional aura, setting, tone, events effect.

Similar to tone and atmosphere.

Natural sounds are imitated in sounds of words.

"Buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur."

Note the effect of an onomatopoeia in an essay passage.

"Pointedly foolish" contradiction in terms to suggest a paradox.

Identify in an essay passage.

True contradictory statement.

"Fair is foul and foul is fair..."

Imitates style/content of another author with a comic effect and/or a ridicule.

Comedy comes from exaggerations.

Ridicule borrow words to illuminate weaknesses.

Sentence presents meaning in main clause at the end. 

Complex sentences.

Independent clause at the end.

The effect adds emphasis and structural variety.