theme

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the underlying meaning of a story that the writer wants the reader to learn. 

Example: The theme of this book is that you should always listen to your leaders. 

external conflict

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the outward struggle between a character and another character, nature, or society.

Example: Hailey is in a external conflict when she is fighting with someone at school.

internal conflict

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1.       the inward conflict between a character and himself/herself.

example: When Sally struggles to decide what she wants do do, she is in a internal conflict. 

protagonist

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the main character in a story plot, movie, play, book, or whatever that has a plot. 

example: Ponyboy is the protagonist of the book The Outsiders. 

antagonist

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1.       the opposing character or force in a story that is against the main character.

example: The antagonist in The Outsiders are the Socs.

exposition

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1.       the beginning of a story where the setting and characters are introduced.

Example: There are countless examples of exposition in many great movies and one of them, which comes across particularly well is from Star Wars. The exposition in this movie is the opening title sequence that gives information about the past events to the viewers. 

rising action

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major events that occur after the exposition and before the climax of the story. 

Example: The rising action is the events of a dramatic plot preceding the climax. 

climax

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the most intense moment of the story when the reader wonders how it will end.

Example: The climax of The Outsiders was when the rumble started between the Greasers and the Socs. 

falling action

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events that take place after the climax but before the story comes to an end.

Example: In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the falling action is when Harry talks to Dumbledore in the infirmary, the banquet, and the train ride home. 

resolution

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The conflict is resolved and the story ends. 

Example: Every resolution must have a title, one or more “whereas” clauses, and one or more “resolved clauses. 

onomatopoeia

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the use of words whose sonds imitate or suggest their meaning. 

Example: ''How Do you spell onomatopoeia?'' said Ms Ford.

verbal irony

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when something spoken is not what you really mean, sarcasm.

Example: Verbal ironies are common in the dealings between parents and their kids. When kids do certain things that are annoying to their parents, the parents may instead of revealing their annoyance in words just brush aside the child’s action through ironic statements. 

dramatic irony

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when the audience knows something that the characters do not.

Example: An example of dramatic irony is in a movie where a detective does not know that the criminal responsible for the crimes in the city is his partner. The audience however is already aware of this fact and waits anxiously to know what will happen once the character finds out what they already know.

situational irony

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an event that happens that is completely opposite of what was expected to happen.

Example: Situation irony occurs when the exact opposite of what is meant to happen, happens.

idiom

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an expression that is clear only to those who are familiar with the of its orgin can can't be understood based on its literal meaning

Example: ''It's raining cats and dogs'' is an idiom.

alliteration

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a repetition of a consonant sound.

Example: ''She sells seashells by the seashore'' is an example of alliteration.

hyperbole

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an obvious exaggeration used by a writer.

Example: I'm so tired of using hyperboles that i wanna sleep like a log. 

personification

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when an object or animal is given human characteristics, feeling, and/or thoughts.

Example: The trees danced in the autumn wind.That was personification.

symbolism

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a person, place, thing, or ides that has meaning in itself but stands for somting else.

Example: “All the world's a stage,And all the men and women merely players;they have their exits and their entrances;And one man in his time plays many parts,” -Shakespeare

allusion

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a refrence to something from a known field or area that readers would reconize and connect with while they are reading.

Example: It’s no wonder everyone refers to Mary as another Mother Teresa in the making; she loves to help and care after people everywhere- from the streets to her own friends. (allusion)