Shared Flashcard Set

Details

literary and syntactic terms
definitions
95
English
8th Grade
09/21/2009

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Term
alliteration
Definition
the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words
Term
assonance
Definition
the repetion of vowel sounds in nearby words
Term
consonance
Definition
the repetition of a consonant sound within nearby words
Term
onomatopoeia
Definition
the use of words which mimic the sound they desribe
Term
rhyme
Definition
the repetition of sounds in two or more words or phrases that appear close to each other in a poem
Term
end rhyme
Definition
rhyme that occurs at the end of lines
Term
rhyme scheme
Definition
the pattern of end rhymes
Term
rhythm
Definition
refers to the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables
Term
meter
Definition
the regular patter of stressed and unstressed syllables
Term
archetype
Definition
a character, action, or situation that is a prototype or pattern of uman life; situation, setting, or character that occurs over and over again literature
Term
character
Definition
people or animals who take part in the action of a literary work
Term
diction
Definition
word choice intended to convey a certain effect
Term
denotation
Definition
the dictionary meaning of a word
Term
connotation
Definition
the feelings and attitudes associated with a word
Term
flashback
Definition
a scene that interrupts the action of a work to show a previous eveny
Term
foreshadowing
Definition
hints or clues that suggest future action
Term
imagery
Definition
the use of sensory details to describe one thing in terms of another
Term
mood
Definition
the overwall feeling created by an author's choice of words
Term
plot
Definition
the sequence of events in which a story takes place
Term
point of view
Definition
the perspective fron which the story is told
Term
first person point of view
Definition
the story is told from a character who narrates his or her own experiences directly
Term
limited 3rd person point of view
Definition
the story is told from the viewpoint of one character who can see only a part of the whole story
Term
omniscient point of view
Definition
the author is outside the story and presents the thoughts of all the characters involved
Term
structure
Definition
the framework or organization of a literary selection
Term
suspense
Definition
techniques used by the author to keep readers interested in the story and un what will happen next
Term
theme
Definition
the "message" that the author intends to communicate by telling the story. these messgaes are often universal truths
Term
tone
Definition
the writer's or speaker's attitude toward a subject, character, or audience; it is conveyed through the authors choice of words and detail
Term
voice
Definition
the author's distinctive style ot manner of expression
Term
antagonist
Definition
the protagonists adversary
Term
protagonist
Definition
the central character of the story
Term
stereotype
Definition
a broad generalization or an oversimplified view that disregaurds individual diffrences; can lead to unfair judgments
Term
flat character
Definition
a character with a single imprtant trait
Term
round character
Definition
a complex character with several traits
Term
static character
Definition
a character that changes little (or not at all)
Term
dynamic character
Definition
a character that changes in response to the actions through which he or she passes
Term
characterization
Definition
the methods a writer uses to communicate information about characters to readers
Term
narrator
Definition
the speaker who tells the story
Term
shift
Definition
a change or movement in a literary piece resulting from an epiphany, realization, or insight gained by the speaker
Term
exposition
Definition
background material about the characters, setting and situation and introduces the conflict
Term
setting
Definition
the enviroment in which the story takes place
Term
inciting incident
Definition
interrupts the harmony and balance of the situation and introduces the conflict
Term
rising action
Definition
the part of a story in shich the tension rises towards the climax
Term
conflict
Definition
the central source of tension drama in the story; the problem
Term
external conflict
Definition
the central source of tension is between a character and some outside force, such as a another character, society, fate, or nature
Term
internal conflict
Definition
the central source of tension is whithin a character
Term
climax
Definition
the moment when the action comes to its highest point of dramatic conflict
Term
falling action
Definition
the part of the story that follows the climax and leads to the resolution
Term
resolution
Definition
the conclusion of the story
Term
allusion
Definition
a reference to a mythological, literray, or historical person, place, or thing
Term
analogy
Definition
a point-by-point comaparison between two dissimilar things in order to clarify the less familar of the two
Term
anecdote
Definition
a brief account of an interesting incident or event that usually is intended to make a point or entertain
Term
dialect
Definition
a form of language that is spoken in a particular place or by a particular group of people
Term
dialougue
Definition
the actual words that characters speak
Term
hyperbole
Definition
an exaggerated statement used to make a strong effect
Term
idiom
Definition
an expression whose meaning is diffrent from the sum of meanings of the individual words
Term
irony
Definition
a particular tone created when the speaker intends a meaning that is opposite to the words he or she says
Term
sarcasm
Definition
the use of verbal irony in which a person appears to be praising something but is actually insulting it
Term
symbolism
Definition
an image, object, character, or action that stands for an idea beyond its literal meaning
Term
understatement
Definition
a figure of speech in which the speaker says less than what her or she actually feels
Term
apostrophe
Definition
a form of personification in which the absent or dead are spoken to as if present and the inanimate, as if animate
Term
metaphor
Definition
a comparison of two things not using "like" or "as"
Term
paradox
Definition
occurs when elements of a statement contradict eachother 
Term
personification
Definition
the giving of human characteristics to inanimate object or abstract ideas
Term
oxymoron
Definition
a form of paradox that cinbines a pair of opposite terms into a single unusual expression
Term
simile
Definition
a comparison of two things using "like" or "as"
Term
synecdoche/metonymy
Definition
a part of something is used to signify the whole; the whole is used to represetn a part
Term
declaritive
Definition
sentence that makes a statement
Term
imperative
Definition
sentence that gives a command
Term
interrogative
Definition
sentence that asks a question
Term
exclamatory
Definition
sentence that provides emphasis or express strong emotion
Term
simple
Definition
one independent clause
Term
compound
Definition
two independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon
Term
complex
Definition
an independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses
Term
compound-complex
Definition
two or more independent clause and one ot more subordinate clauses
Term
loose
Definition
makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending of the sentence
Term
periodic
Definition
makes sense fully only when the end of the sentence is reached
Term
balanced
Definition
phrases or clauses balance each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaninf, or length
Term
antithetical
Definition
two statements that are balanced, but opposite
Term
antimetabole
Definition
arrangement of ideas in the second clause in a reversal of the first
Term
asyndeton
Definition
deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of releated clauses
Term
ellipsis
Definition
intentional omission of a woed or words that are readily implied by the context
Term
inverted order
Definition
a sentence with the predicate before the subject
Term
juxtaposition
Definition
a poetic a rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are place next to one another, often creating an effect of suprise and wit
Term
natural order
Definition
constructuon a sentence so the subject comes before the predicate
Term
parallelism
Definition
a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or part of a sentence
Term
polysyndeton
Definition
deliberat use of many conjunctions for special emphasis
Term
reptition
Definition
device in which sounds, words, and ideas are used more than once to enhance rhythm to create emphasis
Term
rhetorical question
Definition
question that requires no answer
Term
rhetorical fragment
Definition
sentence fragment used deliberately for a persuasive purpose or to create a desired effect
Term
anaphora
Definition
repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
Term
anadiplosis
Definition
repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause
Term
epanalepsis
Definition
repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause
Term
epistrophe
Definition
repetition  of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses
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