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| the use of symbols or anything that is meant to taken both literally and as representative of a higher and more complex significance |
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| the central idea or "message" of a literary work |
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| an author's characteristic manner of expression |
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| a succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony |
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| an extended narrative in prose of verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface story |
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| the principles admired in the classics of Greek and Roman literatures; objectivity, sensibility, restraint, and formality |
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| the way a written work conveys an author's attitude |
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| a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole; ex. "wheels" to mean a car |
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| a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement, a reaction to neoclassicism; focal points: imagination, emotion, freedom; stresses subjectivity, individuality, the love and worship of nature, and a fascination with the past |
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| the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form |
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| a concise, witty saying in poetry or prose that either stands alone of is part of a larger work; it may also refer to a short poem of this type |
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| an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot |
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| similar to tone; the primary emotional attitude of a work |
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| writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasonable arguments |
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| a short, often witty statement of a principle of a truth about life |
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| a figure of speeech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated; ex. "the crown" refers to a monarch |
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| the repitition of identical consonant sounds before and after different vowel sounds |
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| a literary movement that grew out of realism; portrays humans as having no free will, by being driven by the natural forces of heredity, environment, and animalistic urges which they cannot control |
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| the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama |
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| the method or form of a literary work; the manner in which a work of literature is written |
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| a sentence that is grammatically correct before it ends |
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| a situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected |
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| main theme or subject of a work that is elaborated on in the development of the piece; a repeated pattern or idea |
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| harsh or grating sounds that do not go together |
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| the attribution of human qualities to a nonhuman or an inanimate object |
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| a figure of speech that uses like, as, or as if to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities |
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| a type of literary work, such as a novel or poem; there are also subgenres, like science fiction or a sonnet, within the larger genres |
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| harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony |
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| descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person's appearance or a facet of personality |
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| the main character of a literary work |
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| word choice; an element of style; also called syntax |
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| exposition, description, narration, and argumentation |
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| language that contains figure of speech in order to create associations that are imaginative rather than literal |
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| words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture |
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| harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite of euphony |
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| specific type of repetition; word, phrase, or clause repeated at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row; ex. "I have a dream..... I have a dream.... I have a dream..." |
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| the use of a hint or clue to suggest a larger event that occurs later in the work |
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| usually in poetry but sometimes in prose; the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction |
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| a figure of speech in which one thing is referred to as another |
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| traditional stories, songs, dances, and customs that are preserved among a people; precedes literature; passes down orally from generation to generation til recorded by scholars |
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| the excessive pride of ambition that leads a tragic hero to disregard warnings of impending doom, eventually causing his or her downfall |
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| the repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants; ex. neigh or fade |
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| a form of argumentation; one of the four modes of discourse; launguage intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion |
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| a fictional voice that a writer adopts to tell a story; determined by subject matter and audience |
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| the implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind |
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| literal meaning of a word as defined |
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| an elaborate figure of speech in which two seemingly dissimilar things or situations are compared |
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| the demand made that the reader accept the incidents recounted in the literary work |
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| an impersonal presentation of events and characters |
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| reversing the customary orders of elements in a sentence or phrase |
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| the perspectivve from which a story is presented; first-person narrative, stream of consciousness narrator, omniscient narrator, limited omniscient narrator, and objective narrator |
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| the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch |
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| the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another |
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| deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis |
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| an event, object, custom, person, or thing that is out of order in time |
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| a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for numerous effect of to make a point |
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| the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot |
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| a sentence that s not grammatically complete until its last phrase |
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| anything that causes laughter or amusement |
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| expressions, such as similes, metaphors, and personifications, that make imaginative, rather than literal, comparisons or assiciations |
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| a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality |
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| quality of a piece of writing |
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| a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; may also be a paradox or difficult problem |
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| a word or phrase in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing |
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| literary movement that stresses accuracy in the portrayal of life; a direct contrast with romanticism |
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| a work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements |
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| a brief tale used in medieval times to illustrate a sermon or to teach a lesson |
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| the art of using language effectively; 1. writer's purpose 2. consideration of audience 3. exploration of subject 4. arrangement and organization of ideas 5. style and tone of expression 6. form |
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| word choice; also known as diction |
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| a figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases; ex. "wise fool" |
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| a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning |
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| quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle |
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| a short descriptive narrative, usually a poem, about an idealized country life; also called a pastoral |
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| a reference to another work or famous figure that is assumed to be well-known enough to be recognized by the reader |
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| the voice of a work; an author may speak as himself or herself or as a fictitious pesona |
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| a short tale that teaches a moral; similar to but shorter than an allegory |
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| the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience |
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| a comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship; ex. comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump |
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| the use of words that sound like what they mean; ex. hiss or boom |
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| a personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions |
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| broad parody, whereas a parody will imitate and exaggerate a specific work |
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| spoken or written language, including literary works; modes: description, exposition, narration, and persuasion |
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| writing that records the conversation that occurs inside a character's head |
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| support for an argument that is based on recognized experts in the field |
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| one story in a system of narratives set in a complete imaginary world that once served to explain the origin of life, religious beliefs, and the forces of nature as supernatural occurences |
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