• Active
• Receiving
• Understanding
• Remembering 
• Evaluating

• Physiological
• Very little involvement
• Passive

9% Writing

30% Speaking

16% Reading

45% Listening

14% Writing

16% Speaking

17% Reading

53% Listening

1. Listening preparation ( physical/ mental)
2. Receiving (accepting/ acquiring message)
3. Constructing Meaning (make sense of stimuli)
4. Responding (appropriate feedback)
5. Remembering (learn/ recall for the future)

• Active: Make mental outline of important points, think of questions/ challenges about pts, be mentally involves with the person speaking

• Critical:Active + evaluating and challenging what is heard (often during persuasive messages)

• Empathic: Feeling 'with' the speaker. Identifying with the character and experiences of another person emotional and compassionate. 

Preoccupation with self

Preoccupation with external issues

Sharpening- One aspect of a message becomes emphasized and others ignored

Assimilation- tendency to reconstruct message to reflect own attitudes/ biases

Hearing what is expected

Passiveness 

Anxiety

Cognitive Dissonance

• Listening may be among the greatest predictors of effective communication

• Participatory & Passive
• Empathic & Objective
• Nonjudgemental & Critical
• Surface & Depth

Nonjudgemental

Unbiased

Objective

Critical

Evaluative

Give feedback

Challenge what is heard

Surface

Verbal

Content: what is said

Depth

Nonverbal

Relational: What is not said (sarcasm, jokes, etc.)

Empathetic

To feel with the speaker

Emotionally Involved (when appropriate)

Objective

Open minded

Emotionally detached (does not criticize, ask questions, challenge)

Participatory

Expressive (responsive)

Engaged (Verbal and non verbally)

Understand you role/ contribution (attentive)

Passive

Nonintrusive (does not interrupt)

Non evaluative (non- critical, etc)