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| is a generic typeof physical particle that forms one of the two basic constituents of matter, the other being the lepton. Various species of quarks combine in specific ways to form protons, and newtrons, in each case taking exactly three quarks to make a composite particale in question |
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there are three known flavors lepton; they electron, the muon, ant the tau. Each flavor is represented by a pair of particles called a weak doublet. One is a massive charged particale that bears the same name as it flavor (like the electron). The other is a nearly massless neutral partical called a neutrino. |
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| the force that holds two atomsw together. |
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| the joining of elements/ compounds represented by numbers and symbols; must balance both sides of the equation. |
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| the substances consumed by a chemical reaction; what you start with. |
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| the end result of a chemical reaction. |
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| represents the number of molecules in a chemical equation; the large number in front of a molecule or element. |
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| the small number to the lower right of an element; representsthe numberof elements; no subscript makes the assumption that there is one atom of the element.l |
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| a chemical bond formed when atomsgive up or accept electrons fron other atoms ; they ecquire a positive charge if the give up electrons and they acquire a negitive charge if they gain electrons. |
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| a chemical bond in wich atoms "share" electrons within their atomic orbitals. |
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| a particale formed by to or more atoms that are bonded together. Some molecules are made of atoms that are alike, as in oxygen gas (O2). Most molecules are made of two or more different types of atoms bonded together, such as water (H2O). |
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| thought of atoms as simmilas to marbles, or rigid spheres that are impossible to break; all atoms are the same in an element; atoms of different elemrnts are different; compounds are made of two or moreatoms; atoms of each element have a unique mass; the masses of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio. |
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| J.J. Thomson's Atomic Model |
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| plum pudding model; In Thomson's mathematical model and the "corpuscles" were arrenged non-randomly, in rotating rings. |
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| Rutherfords's Atomic Model |
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| said the atom is made up of a centrally charges center surrounded by orbiting electrons. |
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| depicts the atom as a small, positively carged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus; compared to the model of the solar system. |
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| implies that an electron acts like a spread of infinitesimal pieces, or "cloud", each piece moving somewhat independently as in a churning cloud; electrons wave in random patterns or orbitals. |
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