Term
| Key regulated step in FA synthesis |
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Definition
| Production of Malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA Carboxylase |
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Term
| Steps of Beta oxidation of saturated FA |
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Definition
1. Fatty-Acy-CoA + Dehydrogenase + FAD -> Enoyl-CoA (α-β double bond) + FADH2 2. Enoyl-CoA + Hydratase + H2O -> L-β-hydroxyacl-CoA 3. L-β-hydroxyacl-CoA + Dehydrogenase + NAD -> β-ketoacyl-CoA + NADH2 4. β-ketoacyl-CoA + Thiolase + CoA -> A-CoA + FattyAcyl-CoA (2 c shorter)
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Term
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Definition
-Formed in intestinal mucosa -TAGs, cholesterol &apolipoproteins -Move through lymph -Mono layer of lipids w/ hydrophobic core |
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Term
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Definition
activates lipoprotein lipase |
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Term
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Definition
| Converts TAGs into FAs and Glycerol |
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Term
Digestion/ Absorption of fats
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Definition
1. Bile salts imsulfy 2. Intestinal lipases degrade to MAGs and FFAs 3. MAGs and FFAs taken up by intestinal mucosa -> TAGs 4. TAGs incorporated into chylomicrons, move thru lymph 5. apoC-II activates lipoprotein lipase 6. lipoprotein lipase converts TAGs to FAs and glycerol 7. FAs enter cells where they are oxidized/ reabsorbed |
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Term
| What stimulates transport of FAs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty Acid Activation for synthesis |
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Definition
1. Fatty-Acyl Co-A synthase + ATP + FA -> PPi + Fatty Acyl- AMP 2. Fatty Acyl- AMP +CoA -> Fatty Acyl- CoA *Driven by cleavage of ATP --> PPi --> 2Pi
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Term
| Carntine Acyltransferase I |
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Definition
-Transports Acyl group from cytosolic fatty-acyl-CoA to carnitine -Inhibited by Malonyl-CoA
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Term
| Carnitine/ Acyl-carnitine transporter |
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Definition
Antiporter that shuttles acyl-carnitine into mitochondria and carnitine out. |
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Term
| Describe electron transfer in the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase step of beta oxidation |
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Definition
e- from both alpha and beta carbons are transferred to FAD (to form FADH2) |
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Term
| What cofactor is necessary for the thiolase activity of beta oxidation? |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Beta oxidation requires a cis double bond |
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Definition
| False- it requires trans double bonds at alpha-beta position |
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Term
| Rules for desaturating fatty acids |
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Definition
1. Double bonds must be introduced 3 C apart 2. Can't introduce doub bonds past C9 3. Can only introduce double bonds at C4, 5,6 and 9 *Note elongation occurs 2C at a time
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Term
| Activation/ Inhibitor of ACC |
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Definition
1. INACTIVATE low blood sugar -> Glucagon -> PKA Glucagon: DEpolymerizes and phosphorylates Palmitoyl-CoA/ Malonyl-CoA 2. ACTIVATE High blood sugar-> insulin-> phosphatase insulin: polymerizes/DE-phosphorylates Citrate/ A-CoA |
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Term
| Fatty Acid Desaturases/ Mixed function oxidase |
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Definition
*O2 is terminal e- acceptor * NADPH is electron donor -Add double bonds and O2 + 2H+ -> H2O -Req 4e- (2 from NADPH, 2 from Fatty Acyl) |
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Term
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Definition
Detoxicify liver , cholesterol synthesis, meds NADPH donates e- RH +O2 -> ROH + H2O
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Term
| Beta-Oxidation of unsaturated |
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Definition
-Only "sees" first 3 C 1.Cis bond at β-γ position + ΔΔ enoyl-CoA isomerase -> Trans d.b. at α-β position 2. Beta-ox starting at enoyl hydratase and ending after acyl-CoA dehydrogenase -left w/ 2-3 db and 4-5 db 3. 2,4 dienoyl reductase uses NADPH to add 2e- -> 3,4 double bond (trans) 4. Isomerase moves bond to α-β and Beta-ox continues as normal |
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Term
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Definition
-Can cleave ketoacyl (beta-oxidation)
-Can form double (ketone body metabolism)
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Term
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Definition
1. Formed from acetoacetate by dehydrogenation -Uses NADH + H 2. Transported to tissue in starvation states 3. Leads to ketoacidosis |
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Term
| Beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase |
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Definition
-NOT found in liver - Uses succinyl-CoA and acetoacetate to form A-CoA
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Term
| Mobilization of fat from adipose tissue |
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Definition
1. Glucagon/ epi stimulate AC-> cAMP->PKA 2. PKA phosphorlyates HSL and perilipins 3. Perilipins change conformation allow HSL access to TAGs 4. HSL +TAGs -> FFAs 5. FFAs bind w/ serum albumin and are transported where they need to go
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Term
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Definition
-Used in conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA -Is a cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase |
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Term
| Steps of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA conversion |
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Definition
1. Propiony-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + biotin +carboxylase -> D-methylmalonyl-CoA + ADP 2. D-methylmalonyl-CoA +epimerase -> L-methylmalonyl-CoA 3. L-methylmalonyl-CoA +methylmalonyl-CoA mutase + biotin -> Succinyl-CoA |
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Term
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Definition
Immobile carrier protein for substrates in FA synthesis within complex
-Associates w/ fatty acid synthase
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Term
| Steps of fatty acid synthesis |
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Definition
Enzyme for all = FA synthase w/ ACP attached
1. "Charging"of FAS/ACP w/ acety-CoA *acetate stays, CoA is released 2. "Charging" of FAS/ACP with malonyl-CoA to ACP
*CoA released 3. KS-> condensation (CO2 loss) and add'n of acetate to new end of "malonyl" 4. KR-> Reduction of β-keto group (using NADPH) 5. HD -> Dehydration of β-hydroxy group 6. ER -> Reduction of β doub bond (using NADPH) 7. KS -> translocation of FA to Cys on ACP 8. Repeat starting at step 2
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Term
| Where does phospholipase D cleave? |
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Definition
Between the phosphate and the head group of a phospholipid
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Term
| Where does phospholipase C cleave? |
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Definition
| Between the glycerol and the phosphate of a phospholipid |
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Term
| In elution chromotrography, what order to substances elute? |
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Definition
1st= non-polar, uncharged 2nd=non-polar, charged 3rd= polar/ charged
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Term
1. How do beta-barrels look on hydrophobicity plots? 2. How do alpha helices look on hydrophobicity plots? |
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Definition
1. Bet-barrels have no real shape (lots of zig-zags, mostly below the line but with some above it) 2. Alpha helical segments over 20 residues are above the mid line of a plot |
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Term
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Definition
TAGs -store way more than glycogen by wet weight -Stores could last way longer than glycogen
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Term
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Definition
1. Phospholipids -glycerophospholipds and some sphingolipids 2. Glycolipids -Some sphingolipids, galactolipids
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Term
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Definition
Phosphatidic acid: glycerol3-P-H Phosphatidylcholine: (CH2CH2N(CH3)3) Phosphatidylserine: P-CH2CH-NH3; OH on C2 Phosphatidylglycerol: P-C3 w/ OH on C2, C3 PIP2: has inostitol 4,5bisphosphate (hexagonal) Cardiolipin: P-Phosphotidylglycerol
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Term
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Definition
Have sugar attached to C3 |
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Term
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Definition
*Amide bond on C2, transbond in "tail" and OH on C1 C3 has O linked to functional group Ceramide- O-H Nuetral glycolipids/ glucocerebrosides: 1 sugar Globosides: 2-4 sugars Ganglioside:4-6 sugars *Used in myelin/ insulation and in blood type recognition
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Term
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Definition
-Ecosanoid fatty acid derivative -Produced by COX 1 and 2
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Term
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Definition
-Inhibited by NSAIDS -Inhibition of COX 1 leads to problems w/ stomach -Inibition of COX 2 (cause of pain/swelling) leads to problems w/ heart *Celebrex, vioxx target mostly COX-2 |
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