Term
| How many active partitions can there be per hard disk? |
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Definition
| One active partition per hard disk. |
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Term
| In addition to storing the list of all partitions on the hard disk, the MBR/GPT also stores what? |
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Definition
| The location of the active partition. |
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Term
| What does the boot loader do? |
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Definition
| It executes the Linux kernel from the partition. |
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Term
| Where is the Linux kernel? |
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Definition
| Stored in the /boot directory vmlinuz- |
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Term
| When does the boot loader cease to be active? What takes over and what does it do? |
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Definition
| After Linux kernel is loaded into memory, Linux kernel continues to initialize the system by loading daemons into memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system process that performs useful task, such as printing, scheduling, and OS maintenance. |
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Term
| What is the first daemon process on the system and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Initialize daemon; it is responsible for loading all other daemons on the system required to bring the system to a usable state. |
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Term
| Besides loading the Linux kernel into memory, what else can a boot loader do? |
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Definition
| Passing info to the kernel during system startup andbooting other OSs that are present on the hard disk. |
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Term
| What are some virtulization software packages available for Linux? |
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Definition
-KVM
-QEMU
-XEN
-Virtual Box |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common boot loader used on modern Linux systems. |
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Term
| What are the three stages of GRUB and what do they do? |
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Definition
-Stage 1:typically resides on the MBR/GPT
-Stage 1.5:loads the filesystem support and proceeds to load GRUB stage 2.
-Stage 2:resides in the /boot/grub directory |
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Term
| How do you configure GRUB? |
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Definition
By editing the configuration file.
(/boot/grub/grub.conf) |
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Term
| What symbol comments out a line in the GRUB configuration file? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does GRUB refer to partitions on hard disks? |
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Definition
| Hard disks and partitions on those hard disks are identified by numbers.
(hd,)(hd0,0) |
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Term
| Besides hard disk partition information, what other information is represented by keywords in the grub.conf file? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to create an encrypted password for use in /boot/grub/grub.conf? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you press at the BIOS post to obtain a grub> prompt where you can enter a variety of commands to view system hardware configuration, find and display files, alter the configuration of GRUB, or boot an OS kernel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to reinstall the GRUB boot loader? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Traditional Linux boot loader. |
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Term
| When or where is it used? |
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Definition
| It is often found on other Linux distributions that require a smaller boot loader than GRUB, as well as legacy Linux installations. |
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Term
| Where is LILO typically located? |
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Definition
| MBR/GPT of the hard disk. |
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Term
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Definition
| By editing the /etc/lilo.conf file |
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Term
| What must you do if you change LILO's configuration file for those change to take effect? |
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Definition
| LILO must be reinstalled using the new info in /etc/lilo.conf |
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Term
What command reinstalls LILO?
What command uninstalls LILO? |
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Definition
-lilo command
-lilo -U command |
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Term
| If you are using a Linux boot loader to dual boot an OS in addition to Linux, should you install Linux before or after the operating system? Why? |
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Definition
| After because this allows the Linux installation program to detect the other OS on the disk and place the appropriate entries in the boot loader configuration file. |
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Term
| Becasue GRUB cannot load the windows kernel directly when dual booting, what does it load? |
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Definition
| GRUB must load the Windows boot loader from the windows partition. |
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Term
| How do you modify the Windows boot loader to load the Linux OS? |
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Definition
| By adding additional components. Also modify the Windows boot loader to include Linux support. |
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Term
| What is the name of the first daemon loaded? What is it's configuration file? |
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Definition
Init daemon uses its config file.
/etc/inittab |
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Term
| What is a runlevel? How many standard runlevels are there? |
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Definition
Defines the number and type of daemons that are loaded into memory and executed by the kernel on particular system.
-7 levels |
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Term
| What is the default runlevel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another term for runlevels? |
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Definition
| Because the init daemon is responsible for starting and stopping daemons and hence, changing run levels, runlevels are often called inistates. |
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Term
| What is the command to change to runlevel 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an alternate command to the init command? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are rc scripts? What do they do? |
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Definition
| During the boot process, the init daemon must execute several scripts that prepare the system, start daemons, and eventually bring the system to a usable state. |
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Term
| At boot time, what is the first rc script to run, and what does it do? |
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Definition
| The /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script to initialize the hardware components of the system, set environment variables such as PATH and HOSTNAME, check filesystems, and perform system tasks required for daemon loading. |
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Term
| How do you see the output of this script after the system has booted? |
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Definition
| /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script is hidden by the graphical startup screen during system initialization.(dmesg command) |
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Term
| What script is executed when the default runlevel starts? What does this script run? |
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Definition
/etc/rc.d/rc5.d
execute all files that start with S or K in the /etc/rc.d/rc5.d directory |
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Term
| Not all daemons that are added during Linux installation are configured to start at system initialization. Where does Linux place files for these daemons? |
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Definition
| /etc/rc.d/rc5.d directory |
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Term
| What key do you press to remove the graphical boot screen and view messages resulting from scripts running? |
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Definition
| Esc key during system initialization. |
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Term
| To where is the output of all runtime configuration scripts within the /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directories logged? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most daemon scripts accept what 3 arguments? |
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Definition
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Term
| You can aslo use what command used to start, stop, or restart any daemons listed within the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory? |
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Definition
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Term
| You can view and modify the daemons that are started in each runlevel by using what command? |
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Definition
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Term
| What utility can be used to modify the appropriate runtime configuration files so that they start and stop daemons when entering a particular runlevel? |
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Definition
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Term
| GUIs make life easier. What is the GUI utility in GNOME used to control daemon startup by runlevel? |
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Definition
| Service Configuration Utility |
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Term
| What is the core component of a Linux GUI? |
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Definition
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Term
| The programs that tell X Windows how to draw the graphics and display the results are known as what? Must they run on the same computer as X Windows? |
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Definition
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Term
| X Windows is sometimes referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed X Windows and when? What was it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Since 2004, X Windows has been maintained as Open Source Software by whom? |
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Definition
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Term
| The freely available version of X Windows is used in many Linux distributions created by open source developers is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fedora 13 uses which version of X Windows? |
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Definition
| X Windows instead of XFree 86 |
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Term
| What is used to modify the look and feel of X Windows? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some windows managers? |
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Definition
-compiz
-enlightment
-fvwm
-kwin
-lxde
-metacity
-mwm
-sawfish
-twm
-wmaker |
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Term
| What is a desktop environment? |
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Definition
| A standard set of GUI tools designed to be packaged together, including web browsers, file managers, and drawing programs. |
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Term
| What are the two most common desktop environments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What windows manage and toolkit does KDE use? |
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Definition
-K Window manager
-Qt toolkit |
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Term
| Why was GNOME developed? What windows manager and toolkit does GNOME use? |
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Definition
-The general dissatisfaction with Qt toolkit
-metacity windows manager
-GTK+toolkit |
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Term
| What is the default desktop environment for Fedora 13? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you select a desktop environment during the login process? |
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Definition
| Use the session menu in the lower-right corner of the screen to select a desktop environment during the login process. |
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Term
| What is dmrc? What does it do? |
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Definition
(display manager runtime configuration file)
-It stores any desktop environments that you manually slect in the session menu. |
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Term
| By default, can the root user log into the system using GDM? Why? How can you change this? |
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Definition
No because this prevents any GUI processes that might compromise the system from starting as the root user.
-Disable this feature via the GNOME Display Manager. |
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Term
| If you are logged in at runlevel 3, what commands will start the GUI? |
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Definition
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