Term
| Why was the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) created? |
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Definition
| To simplify the task of finding specific files. |
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Term
| What command is used to create a directory? |
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Definition
| mkdir (make directory)command |
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Term
| Which directory contains binary commands for use by all users? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory contains the Linux kernel and files used by the boot loader? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory contains device files? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory contains system specific configuration files? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory is the default location for user home directories? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory contains subdirectories used for accessing(mounting)filesystems on removable media devices such as floppy disks, DVDs, and USB flash drives? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory is an empty directory used for temporarily accessing filesystems on removable media devices? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory is the root user's home directory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory contains most system commands and utilities? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which directory contains log files and spools? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to move directories and files? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the target is the name of a directory, what does the mv command do? |
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Definition
| The mv command moves those files to that directory. |
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Term
| If the target is a filename of an existing file in a certain directory and there is one source file, what does the mv command do? |
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Definition
| The mv command overwrites the target with the source. |
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Term
| If the target is a filename of a nonexistent file in a certain directory, what does the mv command do? |
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Definition
| The mv command creates a new file with that filename in the target directory and moves the source file to that file. |
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Term
| How can the mv command be used to rename directories? |
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Definition
| Simply moving a file to the same directory, but with a different filename. |
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Term
| What command is used to copy files? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the mv and cp commands differ when applied to directories? |
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Definition
| The mv command renames a directory, whereas the cp command creates a whole new copy of the directory and its contents. |
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Term
| What does the term recursive mean as it applies to the cp command? |
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Definition
| Involves files and subdirectories. |
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Term
| What option must you use to copy a directory full of files and/or subdirectories? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the mv and cp commands behave when the target file already exists? |
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Definition
| Warns the user that the target file will be overwritten and then asks whether to continue. |
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Term
| What command is used to display aliases present in your current shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command will override interactive mode and force overwriting without checking? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to remove files? |
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Definition
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Term
| By default, does the command used to remove files run in interactive mode or forced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to remove a directory? |
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Definition
| rmdir(remove directory)command |
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Term
| To remove a directory and the files inside, you must use which command? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fastest method to search for files in the Linux directory tree? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the database used for the locate command, when is it updated, and how can you manually update it? |
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Definition
-Premade database
-Each day automatically
-Running the update db command |
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Term
| Which command is slower but more versatile than locate and finds files by searching recursively? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the syntax of the command from the previous question? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you ensure that any wildcard metacharacters will be protected from shell interpretation and will only be interpreted by the find command? |
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Definition
| They are enclosed within the quote characters. |
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Term
| What command is used to search for executable files? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the which command search for files? |
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Definition
| The which command only searches directories that are listed in a special variable called the PATH variable in the current BASH shell. |
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Term
| What command will display the directories identified by the PATH variable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if the file being searched does not exist in the PATH variable directories? |
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Definition
| The which command lets you know in which directories it was not found. |
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Term
| What is a simple way to explain what a symbolic link is? |
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Definition
| One file is a pointer, or shortcut,to another file. |
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Term
| What are the three main sections of the filesystem? |
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Definition
-The superblock
-The inode table
-Data blocks |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the section that contains information about the filesystem in general, such as the number of inodes and data blocks. |
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Term
| What does the term inode stand for? |
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Definition
| Describes one file or directory on the filesystem and contains a unique inode number for identification. |
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Term
| What does and inode do? What does it show? |
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Definition
| Inode stores information such as the file size, data block locations, last date modified, permissions, and ownership. |
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Term
| What happens to inode and file data when a file is deleted? |
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Definition
| Only its node (which serves as a pointer to the actual data)is deleted. |
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Term
| What is a hard linked file? |
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Definition
| They are direct copies of one another, as they share the same inode and inode number. |
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Term
| What command is used to create a hard link? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does deleting a herd linked file have on the other hard linked files? |
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Definition
| Does not delete all other hard-linked files. |
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Term
| What command is used to view the inode number of hard-linked files to verify that they are identical? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are directory files normally hard-linked? |
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Definition
| They are not normally hard-linked. Only directories that have files regularly added and need to maintain identical files, contents are typically hard-linked. |
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Term
| How do symbolic links differ from hard links? |
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Definition
| They do not share the same inode and inode number with their target file, one is merely a pointer to the other;thus files have different sizes. |
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Term
| What is contained in the data blocks of a symbolic link? |
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Definition
| Contains only the pathname to the target file. |
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Term
| What are two synonyms for symbolic links? |
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Definition
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Term
| What function do symbolic links serve if the target file is deleted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to create a symbolic link? |
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Definition
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Term
| Must a symbolic link reside on the same filesystem as their target? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a user creates a file or directory who becomes the owner and group owner of the file? |
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Definition
| The user's name and primary group become the owner and group owner of the file. |
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Term
| Which two users on a Linux system can modify permissions on a file or directory or change its ownership? |
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Definition
| The owner of the file or directory and the root user. |
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Term
| What command is used to view your current user name? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to view group memberships and primary group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to create an empty file? |
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Definition
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Term
| What command is used to change the ownership of a file or directory? |
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Definition
| chown (change owner)command |
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Term
| What command is used to change the group owner of a file or directory? |
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Definition
| chgrp(change group)command |
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Term
| How can you override who is allowed to change ownership and permissions? |
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Definition
| You can override who is allowed to change ownership and permissions using a system setting. |
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Term
| What is the mode of a file? |
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Definition
| The section of the inode that stores permissions. |
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Term
| What are three sections of the mode? |
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Definition
-Users(owner)permissions
-Groups(group owner)permissions
-Other(every one else)permissions |
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Term
| What are the three regular permissions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What permissions doea the root user have to files and directories? |
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Definition
| The root user has all permissions to every file and directory. |
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Term
| If a permission is unavailable, what replaces its position in the mode? |
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Definition
| A dash(the hyphen character on your keyboard,-)replaces its position in the mode. |
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Term
| How are file and directory permissions treated separately by the Linux system? |
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Definition
| Desktop directory gives the user or owner of the directory(the root user)read,write,and execute. Members of the group(the root group) do not receive any permissions to th directory. Other(everyone on the system)does not receive permissions to this directory. |
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Term
| What command is used to change permissions on a file or directory? |
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Definition
| chmod(change mode)command |
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Term
| Should you place spaces between the criteria used in the chmod command? |
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Definition
No
-All criteria makes up the first argument only. |
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Term
| When using the chmod command, what character is used to refer to all categories(user,group,other)? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using the chmod command, if there is no character specifying the category of user to affect, what happens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the numeric criteria used with the chmod command? |
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Definition
-read = 2^2=4
-write = 2^1=2
-execute = 2^0=1 |
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Term
| What permissions are given to new files by the system? |
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Definition
rw - rw - rw
4+2=6 4+2=6 4+2=6 |
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Term
| What permissions are given to new directories by the system? |
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Definition
rwxrwxrwx
4+2+1=7 4+2+1=7 4+2+1=7 |
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Term
| What special variable takes away permissions on new files and directories? When is it applied? |
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Definition
| The umask(user mask)takes away permissions on new files and directories immediately after they are created. |
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Term
| Is the umask variable ever used on existing files? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can you change the umask? |
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Definition
| Yes because it is a variable stored in memory. |
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Term
| What are three special permissions that you can use on files and directories? |
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Definition
-SUID(set user ID)
-SGID(set group ID)
-Sticky Bit |
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Term
| What special functions does the SUID have on directories? |
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Definition
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Term
| What special functions does the SUID have on files? |
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Definition
| The file is executed and the person who executed the file tempoarily becomes the owner of the file while it is executing. |
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Term
| What is the only type of file to which the SUID can be applied? |
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Definition
-executed file
(binary compiled programs) |
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Term
| Can you apply the SUID to a shell script? |
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Definition
-No
-Shell scripts are easy to edit and, thus, pose a security hazard to the system. |
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Term
| What special functions does the SGID have on directories? |
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Definition
| If a user creates a file in the directory that has the SGID permissions set, that user's name becomes the owner of the file and the directory group becomes the group owner of the file. |
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Term
| What does the stick bit do? |
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Definition
| Was used on files in the past to lock them in memory, however,today the sticky bit performs a useful function only on directories. |
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Term
| What permission do all special permissions require in addition? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do special permissions display? |
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Definition
rwx rwx rwx
SUID SGID Sticky Bit
rws rws rwt |
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Term
| What happens if you set a special permission and the file or directory does not have the execute permission? |
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Definition
| special permissions become ineffective and are capitalized. |
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