Term
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Definition
| an explanatory description about how something works, or why something is the way it is |
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Term
| a core characteristics of modern modern scientific theories |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable |
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Definition
| random uncontrolled influences |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled influences affecting the dependent variable more in one condition than in another, |
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Term
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Definition
| the more someone does an experiment, the better that get at it. thus the results are askew-ed |
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Definition
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Definition
| Complex messages made up of smaller, discrete and manipulable parts. |
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Term
| What evidence points to their psychological reality? |
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Definition
| Linguistic intuitions, writing systems, word formation (e.g. trademark names), language games, speech errors. |
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Definition
| Vocal tract movement organized to achieve a specific linguistic goal. |
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Definition
| a phonological unit at the beginning of the word "bad" |
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Term
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Definition
| when a gesture begins or ends in tim, the phonetic properties of a word's gestures are features. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bundle of articulatory gestures. Represented by IPA symbols. Can be moved around (metathesis) or deleted. |
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Term
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Definition
A bundle of segments in a particular order. V or CV or VC or CVC or CCVC…
Syllables can be manipulated: reduplication (for future tense, plural, etc.)
The notion of the syllable is difficult to describe phonetically, but clearly an essential unit of phonological organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| consonant(s) before the vowel nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| the vowel (or syllabic consonant) at the heart of the syllable |
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Term
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Definition
| consonant(s) after the vowel nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus and coda, combined |
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Term
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Definition
| A stressed syllable (louder and/or longer than other syllables within the word) and any unstressed syllable(s) that immediately follow it. Larger unit than the syllable. |
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Term
| Phonological evidence for the stress foot |
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Definition
| nursery rhymes (‘Hickory dickory dock- -‘); expletive infixation (between two stress feet); Homer infixation; (Ned Flanders’) ‘diddly’ infixation |
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Term
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Definition
phrasal affiliation may make a significant meaning difference.
“Old men and women”. Old men/and women vs Old /men and women
“When danger threatens (,) your children (,) call the police.” |
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Term
| Two of the most common cross-linguistic constraints on word structure: |
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Definition
| Words with syllable onsets are preferred over those without./Words with single-consonant syllable onsets are preferred over those with multi-consonant onsets. |
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Term
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Definition
denote
or
refer
to
something:
an
object,
action,
concept,
state; |
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Term
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Definition
have
a
grammatical
function.
Can
derive
new
words
from
existing
words
(-‐able,
re-‐,
uni-‐),
or
mark
the
word
with
grammatical
functions
(-‐s,
-‐
ing,
-‐est). |
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Term
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Definition
| able to stand alone as words: cat, tooth, unit, not, will |
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Term
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Definition
| cannot stand alone: fel-,dent-,un-,'ll |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to coin new words |
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Term
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Definition
| few words coined, prefixes and suffixes |
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Term
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Definition
a
meaning,
and
a
grammatical
usage,
that
word
becomes
a
lexical
entry
among
the
many
such
mappings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inversely to vowel height: lower the vowel, higher the formant |
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Term
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Definition
| Further down and back vowel, the lower the formant |
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Term
| All formants are influenced by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Larger,thicker vocal folds mean what? |
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Definition
| Larger resonating cavaties. lower pitch |
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Term
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Definition
| constraint on a word form that requires all of a word or a certain part of a word to agree in the presence of some particular gesture. |
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Term
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Definition
pinna & auditory canal, ending at tympanic membrane
Air-filled chamber. Collects, amplifies (especially 2KHz-5KHz), and localizes sound. |
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Term
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Definition
chain of ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) ending at oval window
Air-filled chamber. Sound is greatly amplified via leverage. |
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Term
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Definition
| semicircular canals (for balance) and cochlea (for hearing) |
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Term
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Definition
| spiral structure in which sound waves are converted to neural signals. |
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Term
air pressure fluctuations converted to mechanical pulsations converted to waves in fluid
converted to electrical energy. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| narrow and stiff. Responds to high frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| wide and floppy. Responds to low frequencies. |
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Term
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Definition
(16-30,000) and fixed in early development of the fetus. Never
regenerated. The loss of even a small number of hair cells can result in permanent hearing loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern in which one sounds becomes like an adjacent sound in some specific property |
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Term
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Definition
| removing the final consonant of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| reversal in the temporal order of two segments so that two segments that appear in a particular order in one form of a word occur in the reverse order in another form of the word. |
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Term
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Definition
| that the particular association with a phonological or spoken form is arbitrary in language |
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Term
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Definition
| stress, nasalization, phonation type and tone |
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