Term
|
Definition
Principal Unit of analytic communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Are natural groupings.
Sentence (IP=S)
Phrases (NP, VP, AP, PP)
Words (N,V,A,P)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest meanigful part of a word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The study of word structure, including classification
of and interrelationships among the smallest
meaningful parts
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Free morphemes may occur unattached to other morphemes, and they can stand alone as independent words (grace, shock, act, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normally do not occur on their own, but only in combination with another morpheme (dis-, -ing, -ly, -s, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Part of a word is a lexical content morpheme that cannot be analyzed into smaller parts. Can or can not be a word. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When a root morpheme is combined with an affix, it forms a
stem, which may or may not be a word.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are never words by themselves but are always parts
of words.
ex) –ish, -ness, -ly, dis-, trans-, un-, pre-, etc.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the variant forms of a particular morpheme are referred to as its allomorphs or morpheme alternates. Allomorphs of a given morpheme are different forms of the morpheme, depending on the context in which they occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new words are formed from existing ones by changing them from one word class to another by using different derivational morphemes. For example a noun can become and adjective by using one of the morphemes -ish, -ous, -an, -esque, -ate, -ful, -ic, -like; for example success-successful. There is also verb to noun (-al, -ance, -ation, -er, -ist, -ion, dom), adjective to adverb (-ly), noun to verb (-ize, -ate, -ish,
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the use of affixes to indicate grammatical relationships (number, case, person, tense, and others) it differs from derivation since it does not changes the syntactic category of the words or morphemes to which they are attached. For example plural (s): apple-apples; there is also third person singular present (-s), past tense (-ed), progressive (-ing), past participle (en), possessive (‘-s), comparative (-er) and superlative (-est)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Doubling or repetition of a phoneme or phonemes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stands for making new words usaing a frame |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A type of word coinage.Morphological rules combine two or more words to form complex combinations.
ex) rocking chair, laptop
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Word Coinage. usually combine shortened forms of two or more morphemes or words.
ex) breakfast + lunch=brunch
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Word Coinage. pare words derived from the initials of several words.
nex) NASA, UNICEF, MRI
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Word Coinage. a new word may enter the language because
of an incorrect morphological analysis.
ex) stoke ¬ stoker, edit ¬ editor
|
|
|
Term
Morphonemics/Morphonology |
|
Definition
The study of the relations between morphology and phonology;
the study of the phonemic differences among allomorphs of the
same morpheme.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the generalizations concerning the occurrence of the various shapes of morphemes; to formulate such a rule one usually selects a particular allomorph as the base form and then describes the conditions under which other allomorphs of the same morpheme occur.
1.The prefix /in-/ has the allomorphs [il], [im] and [ir]: /ɪn-/ + responsible - irresponsible, /ɪn-/ + logical - illogical, /ɪn-/ + possible -impossible.
2-English Plural morpheme [z] has the allomorphs [z], [s], [əz]: boy-[z], bus- [əz], neck- [s]
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The part of grammar that represents a speaker’s knowledge of
sentences and their structures
|
|
|
Term
Competence vs performance |
|
Definition
Competence is a largely unconscious knowledge of the system of grammatical rules that characterizes their native language or a language in which they are truly fluent. Performance is what language users actually do with competence in speaking or comprehending speech and can be affected by stress, sleepiness or being under the influence of a substance.
|
|
|
Term
Phrase Structure and rules |
|
Definition
The Phrase Structure Rules are able to generate or create
new sentences.
S =NP VP, NP =Det N, VP= V NP, VP = V,
VP =V PP,PP =P NP,VP =V CP,CP = C S
C=complimentizer(that)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the natural groupings of a sentence. To test the constituency of a sentence you can use the stand alone test, replacement by a pronoun test or move as a unit test
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All XPs (i.e., NPs, PPs, VPs, TPs, APs) can be broken down into three levels.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Certain kinds of ambiguous sentences have more than one phrase structure tree, each corresponding to a different meaning. For example the sentence “French history professor” can be understood as a history professor who is French or as a professor of the French history subject |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
John gave Mary a mink coat.
1. Aux Movement :Did John give Mary a mink coat?
2. NP Movement (Passive Formation):Mary was given a mink coat by John.
3. Wh Movement:Who gave Mary a mink coat?
Deep-structure - Surface-structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mental dictionary; a language user's knowledge of words, the vocabulary and the representation of knowledge about words in minds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Semanticists try to find a basic set of semantic features or properties that are part of word meanings and that reflect our intuitions about what words mean. For example: father [+human], [+male], [+adult]- baby [+human], [+young] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A semantic feature may be predicted on the basis of another feature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are separate words pronounced or spelled alike despite their
different meanings and listed in dictionaries as distinct entries;
Homonyms may create ambiguity.
ex) My mother can no longer bear children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a property of a single item in the vocabulary of a language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted
for another with which it is closely associated
ex) "crown" for "royalty"
|
|
|
Term
Structural and descriptive approach |
|
Definition
language was considered to be a complex system of elements that were interrelated; to describe actual usage rather than what usage ought to be. |
|
|
Term
Transformational generative grammar |
|
Definition
to develop a finite device capable of generating an infinite number of grammatical sentences of the language |
|
|
Term
Important Adequates for good grammar |
|
Definition
Observational: All data observe
Descriptive: All data is describe
Explanatory: Requires why children acquire language that way.
|
|
|
