Term
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Definition
| International Phonetic Alphabet |
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Term
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Definition
| more or less unitary segments of the stream of speech |
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Term
| pulmonic egressive aistream |
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Definition
created by compression of the lungs
majority of languages base phones on it |
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Term
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Definition
| two hinged planes of tissue which open and close the glottis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a characteristic of phones made with the glottis closed, causing the vibration on the throat |
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Definition
| soft palate, soft flap of tissue that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| laryngeal, dorsal, coronal, labial |
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Term
| eight places of articulation |
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Definition
| glottal, pharyngeal, uvular, velar, palatal, alveolar, dental, and labial |
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Term
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Definition
| stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, and approximants |
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Term
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Definition
| full closure or interruption of phones |
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Term
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Definition
| air stream is forced through a narrow closure, with less than complete interruption |
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Term
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Definition
combination of a stop and a fricative
most common- articulated at the juncture of the alveolum and palate |
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Term
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Definition
a consonant pronounced through the nose
most common: stops, in English specifically |
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Term
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Definition
lateral, rhotic or retroflex phones, or so-called 'glides' or 'semi-vowels'
lack full oral closures |
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Term
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Definition
| approximants formed with the sides of the tongue lowered, so that the airstream passes laterally around a central closure, usually the alveolum |
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Term
| retroflex/rhotic approximants |
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Definition
generally consist of a light tap of the tongue blade on the alveolar ridge
often involves some retroflexion, turning back the tongue blade and bunching of the tongue body |
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Term
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Definition
semivowels, no steady state, consist entirely of the dynamic motion of an articulator
ex. [j], [w] |
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Term
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Definition
| a momentary shaping of the airstream, without interruption |
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Term
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Definition
| body of the tongue is raised or lowered |
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Term
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Definition
| whether the body of the tongue is fronted or backed |
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Term
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Definition
| vowels with neither fronting nor backing |
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Term
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Definition
| vowels with neither raising nor lowering of the tongue body |
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Term
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Definition
| vowels that are accompanied by lip-rounding |
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Term
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Definition
| if the velum is down during a vowel, so that the airstream is directed through the nose |
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Term
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Definition
stops, affricates, and fricatives
articulations which completely obscure the airstream frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
nasal "stops", approximants, vowels
sonorous airstreams
do not interrupt the airstream and have a sonorous aural quality
ordinarily voiced |
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Term
supersegmental qualities
AKA prosodies |
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Definition
qualities which are spread over more than one phone
- length, stress, and pitch |
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Term
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Definition
some phones are about twice as long as others of the same quality
this is denoted [ː] |
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Term
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Definition
| the intensity, or loudness (volume/time ratio), of the airstream |
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Term
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Definition
| the frequency of vibration of the vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
| the regular patterns of pitch over a phrase or sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| when pitch is used to differentiate meanings of words rather than phrases and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| articulated with the lower lip on the upper teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| articulated with the closure of the lips |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| generally centralized in their place of articulation and characterization is mainly impressionistic |
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Term
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Definition
| generally centralized in their place of articulation and characterization is mainly impressionistic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| closing the vocal folds and raising or lowering the larynx during an oral closure |
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Term
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Definition
created by a closed glottis lowered during an oral closure then released
result- a sudden audible inrushing or implosion of air |
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Term
| velaric ingressive airstream |
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Definition
when the tongue blade is pressed against the velum or palate then withdrawn
result- a momentary relative vacuum into which air rushes |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| when two like consonants meet at a word-boundary |
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Definition
| when two words respectively end and begin in a vowel of the same quality |
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Term
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Definition
| when two words respectively end and begin in a vowel of the same quality |
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