Term
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Definition
taking a part of the word
ex. Prof from Professor
ex. Math from mathematics
nicknames...
usually have a stressed syllable, take from the beginning, use two syllables or one big one
abbreviations fit here
ex. Tex for Texas, Dr. for Doctor |
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Term
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Definition
| making acronyms from phrases |
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Term
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Definition
if you make a word from the letters
NASA, MADD, DUC, laser, sonar, scuba, Wustl
acronyms that syllabify easily |
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Term
| spelling acronyms, initialisms |
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Definition
if you say the letters when you use the acronym
ex. TLC, TMI, NBC, HIV, BLT, BBC, CBS, TCC, ID |
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Term
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Definition
the first part of one word, second part of another
spork < spoon fork
spam < spiced ham
chunnel < channel tunnel |
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Term
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Definition
misanalysis of morpheme boundaries
ex. an apron - a napron
lariat - la reata
alligator - el lagato |
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Term
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Definition
brand spanking new word
turns out, they're hard to come by
xerox, dacron, teflon, grock, google [the number, not the site], geek |
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Term
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Definition
when you take a word [loanword] directly from another language and nativize it- usually a sign that a word is borrowed is when the stress patterns change
ex. bagel, genre, tortilla, tobacco, buckaroo, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
affixes
when affixes added to a word in a new way
govern- government was new in its day |
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Term
| zero derivation/functional shift |
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Definition
when an old word takes on a new meaning
ex. from butter [the noun- pass the butter] to butter [the verb- butter the toast]
ex. from Rick Roll [the musician] to Rick Roll [being Rick Rolled- verb] |
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Term
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Definition
putting together old words for a new meaning
ex. green-house, skate-board, dry-clean, light-bulb |
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Term
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Definition
widening or extending the appropriate usage of a word
ex. from the color to the overall representation of communism or socialism
ex. silverware- from cutlery actually made of silver to ... cutlery |
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Term
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Definition
when something goes from a broader meaning to a more... one
doctor- from a higher degree in any field to a medical degree
band- from a group of people, regardless of affiliation, to a musical group |
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Term
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Definition
two words with similar meanings that are further separated by convention, as language rarely likes exact synonyms
ex. past tense of hang
--> hanged (narrowed to the meaning of executed by hanging)
--> hung (separated into the general past tense of hang) |
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Term
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Definition
a word is assumed to be in existence where there was none before
ex. computer gave way to compute, even though, though the assumption was that a computer was a machine that computed, there was no word "compute"
same with television and "televise" |
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Term
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Definition
| concerns the fact that all languages continually get new morphemes |
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Term
| principle of limited novelty |
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Definition
| new meanings are preferred in old forms, and new forms are preferred in old meanings |
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Term
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Definition
word acronyms specifically constructed so as to create another connotation
ex. NOW: National Organization of Women, which also suggests that the group is getting impatient |
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Term
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Definition
| the origin, or the study of the origin, of words |
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Term
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Definition
| an implicit comparison based upon the obvious similarities between the meanings of words |
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Term
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Definition
neither elevation nor pejoration of meaning
when something was extended to include a certain meaning, then narrowed to only mean that thing |
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Term
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Definition
| a shift toward a more unpleasant or negative meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| the extension of ordinary words and phrases to express unpleasant or embarrassing ideas |
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Term
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Definition
words that sound the same having two meanings
[bi]- be, bee |
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Term
| one form/one meaning principle |
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Definition
| there's a theory that generally, each will correspond one on one |
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Term
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Definition
| one meaning having two forms, like twelve and dozen |
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