Term
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Definition
| total area of land that contributes water to a water body of interest |
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Term
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Definition
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| sediment and organic matter inputs can lead to ___ water clarity and habitat change and oxygen ___ leading to fish kills |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a common temperature effect of agriculture on streams in lakes ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measures of stream status using fish, invertebrate and/or algal community composition |
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Term
| agriculture can effect streams and lakes by altered hydrology, how? |
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Definition
-more imermeable surfaces
-storms sewers replace streams
-results in reduced ground water recharge (infiltration, water tables drop) |
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Term
| surface water has ____ in lake wingra from pre settlement to 1977 |
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Definition
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Term
| in lake wingra there is limited opportunity to remove sedements and soulutes dues to what factor? |
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Definition
| there is limited ground water |
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Term
| pollutants from urban environments include things like what? |
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Definition
-oil and greases
-sediments, nutrients, salts, heavy metals
-synthetic chemmicals like herbicides for ex |
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Term
%age wise how much has... (lake wingra)
-sediment increased in last 20 years
-phosphate increased
-chloride increased |
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Definition
-sediment increased 500%
-phosphate incread 1000%
-chloride increase 1500% |
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Term
| what are 2 ways we can reduce effects of urbanization to lake wingra? |
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Definition
-increase groundwater recharge (ie raingardens)
-slow the water down (ie storm drains to settling ponds) |
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Term
| the relationship between land use and water quality is often strong but in some locations, relationship sare weak because of what? |
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Definition
hot spots
ie small areas in the watershed have a large influence on water quality
-ex riparian zones cause cause big changes in water quality ie buffer or filter |
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Term
| NO3 is rich in groundwater but are lower in stream concentrations.. why? |
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Definition
riparian zones
-soils are anoxic and high in organic mater this is perfect for denitrification therefore NO3 from groundwater gets removed on the way to the lake
-riparian zones can also also slow surface run off |
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Term
| are riparian zones always effective? why or why not? |
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Definition
| no not always effective! because deep flow water misses riparian zones and done have large effect in nitrate... may still however help P because it binds to slow moving particles that dont make it to the lake |
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Term
| what is a different type of hot spot besides 'small areas in the watershed that have a large influence on water quality'? |
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Definition
| sites where water moves quickly from land to lake/stream and nutrients are added quickly |
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Term
| what are the water shed areas contributing P in lake mendota? |
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Definition
small areas contribute most to P
hotspots have changed overtime |
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Term
| what are the 2 best management practices concerning the role of hot spots? |
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Definition
- target nutrient source hot spots
*erosion prevention and barnyard contamination
-create nutrient sink hot spots
*riparian buffers |
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Term
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Definition
| solar radiation absorbed by eart readiated back as IR absorbed by greenhouse gases (co2 methane etc) |
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