Term
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Definition
| name the most perfect light source |
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Term
| most efficient, most pleasing to eye, most economical |
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Definition
| characteristics of daylight |
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Term
| position of sun in sky, weather (degree of cloudiness), natural and built obstructions |
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Definition
| what does the amount of light depend on? |
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Term
| cloudless, cloudless turbid, intermediate, overcast |
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Definition
| four basic models of luminance distribution |
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Term
| overcast, clear, partly cloudy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| standard measurement for daylighting when all light is diffuse |
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Term
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Definition
| brightness at top of skydone, less so at horizon |
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Term
| the illuminance at the horizontal and vertical planes |
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Definition
| what varies as solar altitude changes? |
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Term
| direct light from sun, diffuse light from sky dome |
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Definition
| what are the two sources in a clear sky? |
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Term
| total illumination for horizontal surfaces |
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Definition
| sum of direct and diffuse light and varies with solar altitude |
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Term
| total illumination for vertical surfaces |
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Definition
| sum of direct and diffuse light and varies with solar altitude and azimuth |
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Term
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Definition
| impossible to predict due to the limitless variability of conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| what produces more interior daylight than clear skylight? |
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Term
| Low cost, instant start and restart, inexpensive dimming, simple installation, cheap fixtures, good as point source, high power factor, full-spectrum color, great for skin tones |
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Definition
| advantages of incandescent lamps |
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Term
low efficiency (14.8lm/W), short life, voltage sensitivity
Governments around the world have passed measures to prohibit sale |
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Definition
| disadvantages of incandescent lamps |
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Term
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Definition
| tungsten filament inside glass filled, sealed bulb |
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Term
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Definition
light source with many different bulb and base sizes
coated inside with white silica for greater diffusion
most have screw bases, medium screw base most common |
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Term
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Definition
| most common reflector lamps |
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Term
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Definition
| most common reflector lamp |
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Term
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Definition
R for a reflector lamp means?
and PAR means?
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Term
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Definition
| incandescent lamp filled with halogen gas and inside of a small quartz glass bulb (screw or pin connection) |
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Term
| longer life, lower lumen depreciation, smaller envelope, great as a point source |
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Definition
| advantages of tungsten-halogen lamps |
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Term
| still low efficacy, high temp, can explode (requires sheilding) |
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Definition
| disadvantages of tungsten-halogen lamps |
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Term
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Definition
| flourescent high-intensity discharge lamps (mercury vapor, sodium and metal-halide) |
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Term
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Definition
| provide high voltage to heat lamp filaments in pre-heat and rapid start circuits; strike arc through tube; limit lamp operating current |
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Term
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Definition
low bf = low operating cost, but produces less light; high bf = more energy use, more light, also means less fixtures, so in new construction this may be least costly
Ballast Efficiency Factor – ratio of bf to power (W) = lm/W |
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Term
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Definition
| more expensive ballast but lower operating costs , smaller conductors, more fixtures per circuit |
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Term
| magnetic, hybrid, electronic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic transformer + electronic switch |
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Term
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Definition
| ballast types that operate lamps at 20-60kHz = less power loss, high efficacy, lighter, more energy efficient, generate less heat, silent, can be dimmed |
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Term
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Definition
| what can lower a ballast life? |
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Term
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Definition
| how long do ballasts last? |
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Term
| RFI cause by arc discharge in tube |
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Definition
| what specifies RF noise suppressors and RF noise attenuators for fixtures themselves? |
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Term
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Definition
| whats the most predominant lamp type in use? |
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Term
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Definition
| sealed cylindrical tube with inert argon and low pressure mercury |
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Term
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Definition
| what maintains the electric arc in flourescent lamps |
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Term
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Definition
| what produces shore wave UV radation and excites phosphor coating on the inside of the tube emitting diffuse visible radiation? |
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Term
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Definition
| what controls quantity and spectral quality |
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Term
| preheat flourescent lamps |
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Definition
| type of lamps found in existing buildings? |
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Term
| preheat gas and employ separate starter |
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Definition
| what do older flourescent lamps do as oppose to newer ones? |
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Term
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Definition
| now a days what is the most common flourescent lamp starter? |
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Term
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Definition
| which flourescent lamp uses a high voltage transformer? |
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Term
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Definition
| what has half the life of the rapid-start lamp? |
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Term
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Definition
| what lamp can opperate at really low temperatures? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| compact flourescent lamps |
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Definition
| what can directly replace incandescents? |
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Term
| compact flourescent lamps |
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Definition
| folded fluourescent tubes with a built in ballast |
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Term
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Definition
| what can a 60W incandescent lamp be replaced with? |
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Term
life of 10-12,000 hours
saves $42 for life of lamp |
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Definition
| What is the life of a compact flourescent lamp and how much money can it save over 6hrs/day? |
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Term
| high intensity discharge lamp |
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Definition
| discharges electricity through high-pressure vapor inside bulb |
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Term
| high intensity discharge lamp |
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Definition
| has poor CRI, except metal-halide |
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Term
| in large areas that need high illuminance, energy efficiency and long life are required |
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Definition
| where would you use a high-intensity discharge lamp? |
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Term
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Definition
| what has the best CRI up to 80-90? |
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Term
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Definition
Best CRI, up to 80-90
Various bulb types and sizes from 50-1500W
Efficacies of 75-105lm/W; last 10-20,000 hrs
Slow starting – 2-3minutes; restrike 8-10 mins
Hot-restrike ballasts provide instant restart, a must for indoor applications |
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Term
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Definition
| why cant you dim a metal-halide lamp? |
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Term
| high pressure with high efficiancy up to 147 lm/W |
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Definition
| characteristic of sodium-vapor lamps |
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Term
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Definition
| what efficiency does a low-pressure sodium vapor lamp have? |
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Term
High efficacy, up to 147lm/W
Lowest CRI – 20-22, so don’t use where color rendition matters (yellow color)
High glare so shield or mount up high
Require ballast, slow to light, slower restrike w/out special ballasts |
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Definition
| characteristics of HPS sodium-vapor lamps |
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Term
Highest efficacy, up to 150lm/W
Lowest CRI – 0, so don’t use where color rendition matters (yellow color)
Long life (+18,000 hrs), 100% lumen maintenance |
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Definition
| characteristics of low-pressure sodium vapor lamps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Light-emitting Diodes (LED): |
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Definition
| has a long life, high energy efficiency, but initial costs are higher than those of flourescent |
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Term
Light-emitting Diodes (LED): |
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Definition
| damaged by high temperatures, so they include heat sinks, cooling fins |
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Term
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Definition
| why must led lamps include internal circuits to operate from standard AC voltage? |
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