Term
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Definition
All physiologic functions will decline.
Rate of decline variable.
Quality of life variable - determind by rate of decline.
*Effects of disuse or inactivity mimic aging - therefore it's often difficult to assess the difference between effects of aging & disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rate of incidence of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| death rate in given population |
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Term
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Definition
| avg. # years a person born in a particular year can expect to live |
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Term
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Definition
| upper boundary of life span |
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Term
| Compression of morbidity - Fries |
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Definition
| Fries - human life expectancy has increased but max. lifespan has not increased proportionately. |
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Term
| Rowe & Kahn - usual aging |
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Definition
USUAL aging
-increases in BP
-Increases in blood glucose
-modest memory impairment
-at risk for dev. chronic diseases |
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Term
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Definition
*still has normative changes but coping
-low probability of disease
-high cognitive and phys. functional capacity
-active engagement in life |
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Term
| avoiding disease and disability |
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Definition
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Term
| high cognitive and phys. function |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interpersonal relations, communication and interaction w/ others |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Physiologic characteristics of aging |
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Definition
-Inactivity - accounts for 1/2 of functional decline between 30-70
-Age assoc changes - acct for other 1/2
-Many researchers have found that exercise and phy. activity can delay and reverse some of effects of disuse and aging. |
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Term
| Physiologic - Cardiovascular & Pulmonary |
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Definition
decreased stroke volume.
dec. cardiac output.
dec max heart rate.
dec. vascular elasticity.
inc. arterial wall thickness.
increased systolic BP.
inc. diastolic BP
dec. mobility of bony thorax |
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Term
| Physiologic - Body composition |
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Definition
Decreases in following:
lean body mass
metabolically active tissue
*decline in basal metabolic rate (min amt of energy person uses while resting)
dec. total body water content
electolyte imbalnaces
Degeneration of articluar joint seurfaces
Osteoarthritic
dinmenralization of bones |
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Term
| Increased cross-linking of collagen fibers |
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Definition
decreased mobility of tendons, bones, ligaments
inc. stiffness |
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Term
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Definition
forward head position
inc. kyphosis
change in lordosis
dec. water in vertebral disks
compression fracture of vertebral bodies |
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Term
| Physiologic - Neuromuscular |
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Definition
Muscle atrophy
dec. lean muscle
slow nerve impulse
widening on neuromuscular junction
dec. type II fibers
gerneralized weakness
impaired balance and mobility
dec. poor endurance |
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Term
| Physiologic - Gait changes |
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Definition
mild rigidity
dec. body motion
dec. arm swing
wider base of support
inc. time in double support |
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Term
| Physiologic - Integumentary system |
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Definition
Epidermin thins, flattens.
Inc. susceptiblity to stresses (blisters, skin tears.
Dermin atrophies.
loss of collagen and elasin.
inc. to bruise.
dec oil and sweat glands. |
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Term
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Definition
dec size and wight of brain.
dec. cerebral blood flow.
Neuronal loss - factors in dementing
significant neuronal loss in thalamus, forebrain and hippocampus. |
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Term
| Common pathologies of elderly - Cardio |
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Definition
Coronary artery disease
hypertension
valvular heart
left ventruicul dysfunction
congestive heart
dysrhythmias
aortic stenosis, aneruysms
peripheral vascular |
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Term
| Common patholgies - pulmonary |
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Definition
chronic obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease.
Pulmonary edema
asthma
pneumonia |
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Term
| common pathologies - musculoskeletal |
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Definition
osteoporosis
degenerative join disease / arthritis
degenerative disk
thoracic kyphosis
padgets (not comment)
polymyalgia
higp, wrist, vertebral compression fx |
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Term
| common pathologies - metabolic/endocrine |
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Definition
diabetes
hypercholesterolemia
obesity
kidney failure |
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Term
| common pathologies - PNS & CNS |
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Definition
CVA
peripheral neuropathers
parkinsons
dementia
alzheimers |
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Term
| common pathologies - sensory - EYE |
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Definition
Presbyopia (loss of focus near obj.)
Cataracts
glaucoma
macular dengeneration |
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Term
| common pathologies - sensory - EAR |
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Definition
Presbycusis - inner ear dysf. - diminishes auditory activity.
Vestibular - Presbyastatis (dizzy)
Disequilibrium |
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Term
| common pathologies - sensory - Olfactory |
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Definition
hyposmia - ability to smell and detect odors
Gustatory - Hypogeuia - taste reduced ability |
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Term
| Cognitive characteristics of aging |
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Definition
Difficulty orienting to time.
Diff w/ divided attn tasks
Dec. vigiliance (ability to maintain attn sustained on a task) |
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Term
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Definition
AAMI - age assoc. memory impair
Benign senescent forgetfulness (usually doesnt interfere w/ ADL) |
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Term
| Cognitive - Psychomotor functions |
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Definition
Decreases in:
reaction time
coordination of complex
use of feedback to adj. movements
ability to manipulate small obj. |
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Term
| Cognitive - Perceptual Motor |
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Definition
Changes due to changes in sensory systems
interference w/ accurate sensory registration
difficulty w/ divided attn. |
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Term
| Cognitive - Executive functions |
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Definition
| declines generally do not occur until in the 70's in healthy adults |
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Term
| Psychosocial changes w/ aging |
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Definition
focus on retirement
expanded leisure |
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Term
| pyschosocial changes - Self efficacy (self-worth) |
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Definition
Lower:
slower fiat speed
fear of falling
general dec. in physical/social function |
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Term
| psychosocial changes - self efficacy |
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Definition
Higher: postivie predictor for adherence to:
exercise
recovery from conditions of aging
survival rates for those w/ chronic illness/disease |
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Term
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Definition
One of most widespread causes of activity limitation in elderly.
older people tent to have anxiety, depression
under identified in elderly
low BP is risk factor |
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Term
| Disablement in Adulthood - experience of change in functional ability that results in a different way of being in the world |
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Definition
Chronology - refers to timing of onset of condition:
Acute - sudden onset, typically time related recovery.
Chronic - conditions w/ gradual, progressive decline over time |
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Term
| Disablement in Adulthood -prognosis: prediction/forecast of probable course of disease in an individual and chances for recovery |
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Definition
Can be affected by lifestyle choices.
may be related to acquiredlimitations differently than to confenital limitations. |
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Term
| Disablement in Adulthood - contextual factors |
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Definition
Motivation
coping skills
habits
lifestyle
demographic characteristics: gender, social background |
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Term
| Level of impairment influenced by |
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Definition
Degree of interference w/ daily living activities.
chronologic age.
level of intrinsic & extrinsic resources.
immediate/extended family
chruch
meals on wheels
attitudes
societal barriers (attitude of others, disc in employment, lack of access to services.) |
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Term
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Definition
| one universal standard of design that allows accessbility to all |
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Term
| Disablity Rights movement |
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Definition
championed dev of self advocacy for those w/ disability.
has organized, advocated for and won fundamental changes in public policy.
ADA |
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