What is identity?

Sense of sameness (who you are)

 Intrapersonal 

 - Who you see yourself to be (personal qualities) e.x. I'm gifted with music...

         - More in Western civilization  

         - More emphasis in men   (If the wife is happy than I'm happy)

 Interpersonal  

  - Who you see yourself to be in relation to others (I'm a husband, father...)

          - More emphasis in Eastern civilization (collectivistic)

          - More emphasis in women  (describes happiness in relation to many other    

            relationships)

 Reactive Identity

 -Where you become different from your core identity

    -around other people you become someone else

Acceptable False Self

 -You perceive yourself as not fitting in.

       - You do things to fit in. (motivated by rejection

Pleasing False Self

 - You try to impress others

       -  Make ourselves to look good, even if that's not who we really are in order to 

          be accepted.

Experimental False Self

- Try it and see if you like it.  (I wonder if I would like to be a nurse)

      - Not faking it, just trying it on to see if it will work.

Negative Identity

 - You react opposite of what people want.

       -  Rebel 

       -  People who have had an absence of identity (parents weren't involved)

       - Lack of control

      - High standards (can't be met)

 Identity Statuses

 -James Marcia- where are they in terms of their identity 

    - Adolescence 

Developing Identity

   Domains

 Family influences

 - You can have different type of identity in different areas of your life (Job,   

       marriage) 

 - Research has indicated Parents that  are Permissive = Foreclosure

     Parents that are loving=achievement   

  -Certain roles are more prevalent in certain cultures.

Hope

(def. color. phrase.)

A continual looking forward to the actualization of desire

Color=Indigo 

Hope keeps trying

patient 

A ship (sails forward) 

Sexual Development 

Refers to biological aspects of sexuality 

(ex. Genitalia, breasts...)

Pre-pubescence 

Adrenarche

Thelarche

Gondadarche

Menarche

Spermarche 

Post-Pubescence

Pre-Pubescence

 -birth--> change of sex hormones that move you into a male direction (penis, or breast development for females)

Adrenarche

-hormones begin to kick in.

        -andrenal glands, ovaries, testis secrete the hormones.

        -Females increase in estrogen 18 fold. (some in men, not nearly as high)

        -Males increase in testosterone 18 fold. (some in women, not nearly as high)

        -Internal changes exceed external

Female (Thelarche)  

-The first external development (dev. of breast)

            - Begins ... african starts earlier, 15% of eur. by age of 8.  7-8/1000 of  

              puertoricans begin by the age of 2!

Male Thelarche

  -ex. growth of body hair.

Gonadarche (Puberty) (newbility)

  -When a person begins to achieve the ability to reproduce themselves.

Female (Menarche)

  - Beginning of the menstrual period (lining sheds itself)

             - When does it begin? Depends...  USA aprox. 12.  africa=8 years sooner

             - bigger the female the sooner the menstrual cycle.

 Male (Spermarche)

             -When a male can first ejaculates sperm (nocturnal emission)

             -Somewhere past the age of 13

Post-Pubescence

- Male-could reach spermarche but not be able to grow a beard

         -Prime time for pregnancy is 20's

        --The maturity of egges and sperm are not generally high enough to produce a pregnancy until 1-2 years later.

Early Menarche

  -Average 1 year sooner in usa than eu.

        -Warmer=sooner

        -urban= reach sooner than in rural

        -Chlorine, PB's, estrogen, processed food=sooner

Early vs. Late Maturation

- females-  born with breast and pubic hair and began menstruation at   

           6 wks.

         - 5 1/2 year old had baby. (1939) carried to term=baby boy. healthy. Lina  

          madina

         - D.R. have over active adrenal glands

- Male and early maturer, (2yrs sooner)  tend to be popular in school (bigger)  

           Athletes, social advantage. Insinct with female chronologically. 

         -Late- maturer emotionally, and have more intellectual outlook on life

         -Early female (2 years)is a disadvantage= more likely to get cancer, more

           likely to date older boys (get pregnant). Stand out more socially. High risk for  

           sexual abuse

         - late females- more advantageous- maturing at same rate as male peers. 

Health:Gender Differences

 F stronger thymus (t-cells) and more disease fighting genes/ higher resistance to infection-yet get sick more often.  More problems with overactive immune system: arthritis, lupus, Alzheimer's may be linked to immune problems)

Life Expectancy: Gender Differences 

 F- longer; Castrated males live longer-animals and people.  Amish males with missing part of Y chromosome - 5 years longer than females.   [ True for almost all animals-though exceptions such as hamsters and others exist]

Hormones: Gender Differences 

 F- less stress hormones

Puberty: F- estrogen 18x higher testosterone (higher androgens)

Fluctuations: Female's estrogens highest during ovulation; progesterone-preg.  Male's testosterone highest in the fall. males more stress hormones.

Extremes.: Gender Differences 

-Females- Higher estrogens linked with higher fine motor, articulation, smell, and decreased spatial 

High testosterone- better math, spatial

Low testosterone (Turner's) decline in math (ex. poor)

-Males-High testosterone: Violent prisoners, NFL players, increased fighting, increased sex drive

Low testosterone: Better at math., spatial tasks; lower sex drive.

 Complete Celibacy

-no sexual activity at all. 

Partial Celibacy

no interpersonal sexuality, but autoerotic sexual activity. 

Autoerotic

Self stimulation

Masturbation

 - response is a spinal reflex

         - onanism

         - The bible doesn't address it.

         - Christians need to be careful on taking a position when it's not in the bible,  

           there may be some verses that could address it indirectly.  

         -50% of all college students do ea. week.  14%(???) female

Pornography

         - Viewing sexually explicit material 

         - The less attractive the partner, and less satisfaction with their sex life= more

         -  Job 31:1; Matthew 6:26

 Paraphilia 

 Sexual arousal to objects, odd practices.

 Transvestism 

Wearing clothes of opposite sex

 Fetish

- Attraction to an object. 

Petting

Light

Medium

Heavy

Erotically touching another person-physical intent, sexual intent.

Intercourse

Penis enters the vagina

Abstinence 

You do not have sexual intercourse (penis-vegina=intromission) before  

              marriage.

Pledge= higher % of STD's than those that don't. - more likely to contract   

               through oral than intercourse.  Anal is more dangerous.

Double Standard 

Ok for Men but not Women to have sex before marriage.  (Onan)

              - Stud vrs. hor

 Permissiveness w/ Affection

 Ok, as long as you care (what does caring mean? dating=sex)

             - Predominate in Western civilization. 

Permissiveness w/o Affections

Don't have to have a relationship, just voluntary consent.

              - Casual sex. (one night stand)

              - huge gender diff. (Male says yes)

Orientation

Who your sexual consent in directed to

Nonconsensual Sex with Others  

1. re-experiencing of event (dreams, thoughts)

    2. Avoidance (anything that deals with that event-dating, that sex)

    3. hyper arousal (certain triggers, phone ringing, )

    - may be similar 

Children

          Sexual Abuse

Age of sexual consent varies from state- state

3 Year disparity 

Males are reluctant to report

Female abuse#1 incident is Genital fondling 

Male abuse #1 incident is sexual intercourse

Pedophilia

 Exclusive interest in sex with kids. min 16 years, + five years older than  

                victim

Incest

Sexual relations b/t two people, that are not husband and wife.

             - Most likely perpetrator.  Sibling abuse= 5x more frequent, followed by  

               father daughter. (Leviticus 18-20

Rape

-20% women report

        -5 %men report

        -4% are by stranger

        - 96ish% you know who it is

Courage 

Definition, Color, Symbol

The ability to face adversity danger and fear with endurance, purpose and inner strength.  

-Color= Red 

- Symbol= Lion

Passion

Persistence

Risk

Morality 

Morality:  "Conformity with generally accepted  standards of goodness and rightness in  conduct and  character ."

Religion