Term
1. Evaluation
2. Intervention
3. Targeting Outcomes |
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Definition
| 3 steps in the occupational therapy process: |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to understand the typical demands that a specific activity places on a client. This also includes evaluation of the range of skills that are involved in particular activity performance and the cultural meanings that are referenced by the activity |
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Term
1. Persons
2. Groups
3. Populations |
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Definition
| Clients of occupational therapy are classified as: |
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Term
1. Occupations
2. Client Factors
3. Performance skills
4. Performance patterns
5. Contexts and environments |
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Definition
| List the 5 parts of the domain portion of the OT Practice Framework: |
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Term
1. Activities of daily living (ADLs)
2. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
3. Rest and sleep
4. Education
5. Work
6. Play
7. Leisure
8. Social participation |
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Definition
| List the 8 areas of occupation: |
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Term
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Definition
| are specific capacities, characteristics, or beliefs that reside within the person and that influence performance in occupations. |
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Term
1. Values, beliefs, and spirituality
2. Body functions
3. Body structures |
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Definition
| What are the client factors identified in the framework? |
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Term
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Definition
| actions that are goal-oriented and observable in daily life occupations. |
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Term
1. Motor skills
2. Process skills
3. Social interaction skills |
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Definition
| What are the performance skills identified in the Framework? |
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Term
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Definition
| are the habits, routines, roles, and rituals that are used in the process of engaging in activities and occupations that either hinder or support occupational performance. |
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Term
1. Habits
2. Routines
3. Rituals
4. Roles |
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Definition
| What are the performance patterns identified in the Framework? |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to elements within and surrounding clients that are less tangible than physical environments but influence performance in a strong manner |
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Term
1. Cultural
2. Personal
3. Physical
4. Social
5. Temporal
6. Virtual |
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Definition
| What are the contexts and environments identified in the Framework? |
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Term
I. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1)
II. Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt (1-2)
III. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5)
IV. Industry vs. Inferiority (childhood 6-12)
V. Identity vs. Identity diffusion (Adolescence)
VI. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adult)
VII. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Adult)
VIII. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Older adult) |
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Definition
| What are the stages of Erikson's theory and the ages associated with each? |
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Term
1. Sensorimotor- birth→2, 6 sub-stages
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2. Preoperational- 2 years→7 years, key concepts occur, cannot understand logical concepts, can use symbolism, all about them, believe inanimate things are alive
3. Concrete operations- 7 years→12 years, difficulty with abstract ideas, concepts are understood literally
4. Formal operations- 12 years-+, develop a sense of logic and understand to communicate, can deal with abstract ideas, not everyone reaches this stage |
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Definition
| What are the stages of Piaget's theory and the ages associated with each? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who is the father of psychology? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who was the first theorist to cover the entire lifespan? |
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Term
| Infant's head turns toward the stimulus |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
Stroke the side of an infants mouth |
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Term
| The infant's arm and leg will extend on the same side as the way that his/her head turned, along with flexion of the opposite limbs |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The infant is laying in supine (on his/her back) and his/her head is turned to one side |
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Term
| The infant's fingers flex around the stimulus |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The therapist places pressure on the infant's palm |
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Term
| The infant's body rolls like a log to the same side |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The infant's head is lifted and turned to the side |
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Term
| The infant rhythmically completes a sucking movement |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The therapist places a finger or nipple into the infant's mouth |
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Term
| The infant's arms extend out and are placed on surface to prevent them from falling |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The infant is gently pushed over while in a seated position |
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Term
| The infant's head moves in opposite direction to keep hit or her head in alignment with his or her body |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The infant is tilted from one side to another while in a seated position |
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Term
| The infant's arms abduct and the adduct |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The infant's head and shoulders are supported and then the head is dropped back 20-30 degrees |
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Term
| The infant's toes curl around the stimulus |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The therapist places firm pressure against the bottom of the infant's foot |
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Term
| The infant's opposite leg flexes, adducts and then extends |
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Definition
What is the correct response to this stimulus:
The therapist holds one of the infant's legs and applies pressure to the side of the foot |
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Term
| ICF: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health |
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Definition
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Term
-Interdependent and Interactive relationship between health conditions and contextual factors
-Uses universal language
-Emphasizes health
-De-emphasizes disability |
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Definition
| Important characteristics of the ICF: |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of experiences, beliefs, attitudes and judgements that continually shape an individual and are shared by a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The freedom of individuals to engage in meaningful activities, can be determined by their culture and demographics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical characteristics, a social construct |
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Term
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Definition
| A cultural identity which may include kinship, rituals such as celebrations or clothing, cultural or national similarities, and cuisine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Being aware of own biases, effective communication, awareness of diversity in cultures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized system of beliefs that is tied to cultural systems and involves faith. |
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Term
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Definition
• Chin up in prone position
• Turns head in supine position |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Gazes at black-white objects
• Follows face |
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Term
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Definition
• Discriminates mother’s voice
• Cries out of distress |
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Term
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Definition
| • Startles to voice/sound |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Chest up in prone position
• Head bobs when held in sitting position |
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Term
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Definition
• Hands unfisted 50%
• Retains rattle if placed in hand
• Holds hands together |
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Term
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Definition
| • Opens mouth at sight of breast or bottle |
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Term
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Definition
• Visual threat present
• Follows large,highly contrasting objects
• Recognizes mother |
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Term
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Definition
| • Reciprocal smiling: responds to adult voice and smile |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Coos
• Social smile (? weeks)
• Vowel-like noises |
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Term
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Definition
• Props on forearms in prone position
• Rolls to side |
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Term
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Definition
• Hands unfisted 50%
• Inspects fingers
• Bats at objects |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Reaches for face
• Follows objects in circle (in supine position)
• Regards toys |
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Term
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Definition
• Expression of disgust (sour taste, loud sound)
• Visually follows person who is moving across a room |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Chuckles
• Vocalizes when talked to |
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Term
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Definition
• Sits with trunk support
• No head lag when pulled to sit
• Props on wrists
• Rolls front to back |
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Term
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Definition
• Hands held predominately open
• Clutches at clothes
• Reaches persistently
• Plays with rattle |
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Term
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Definition
| • Briefly holds onto breast or bottle |
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Term
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Definition
• Mouths objects
• Stares longer at novel faces than familiar
• Shakes rattle
• Reaches for ring/rattle |
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Term
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Definition
• Smiles spontaneously at pleasurable sight/sound
• Stops crying at parent voice
• To and fro alternating vocalizations |
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Term
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Definition
• Orients head in direction of a voice
• Stops crying to soothing voice |
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Term
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Definition
• Laughs out loud
• Vocalizes when alone |
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Term
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Definition
• Sits with pelvic support
• Rolls back to front
• Anterior protection
• Sits with arms supporting trunk |
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Term
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Definition
• Palmar grasps cube
• Transfers objects: handmouth-hand
• Holds hands together
• Reaches/grasps dangling ring |
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Term
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Definition
| • Gums/mouths pureed food |
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Term
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Definition
• Turns head to look for dropped spoon
• Regards pellet or small cracker |
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Term
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Definition
• Recognizes caregiver visually
• Forms attachment relationship to caregiver |
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Term
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Definition
| • Begins to respond to name |
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Term
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Definition
• Says “Ah-goo”
• Razzes, squeals
• Expresses anger with sounds other than crying |
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Term
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Definition
• Sits momentarily propped on hands
• Pivots in prone position
• In prone position, bears weight on 1 hand |
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Term
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Definition
• Transfers hand-hand
• Rakes pellet
• Takes second cube and holds on to first
• Reaches with one hand |
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Term
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Definition
• Feeds self crackers
• Places hands on bottle |
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Term
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Definition
• Touches reflection and vocalizes
• Removes cloth on face
• Bangs and shakes toys |
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Term
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Definition
| • Stranger anxiety (familiar versus unfamiliar people) |
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Term
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Definition
• Stops momentarily to “no”
• Gestures for “up” |
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Term
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Definition
• Reduplicative babble with consonants
• Listens, then vocalizes when adult stops
• Smiles/vocalizes to mirror |
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Term
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Definition
● Bounces when held
● Sits without support steadily
● Lateral protection
● Puts arms out to sides for balance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
explores different aspects of a toy
observes cube in each hand
finds partially hidden object |
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Term
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Definition
| • looks from object to parent and back when wanting help |
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Term
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Definition
• looks toward familiar object when named
• attends to music |
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Term
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Definition
| • increasing variety of syllables |
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Term
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Definition
• Gets into sitting position
• Commando crawls
• Pulls to sitting/kneeling position |
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Term
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Definition
• Bangs spoon after demonstration
• Scissor grasp of cube
• Takes cube out of cup
• Pulls out large peg |
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Term
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Definition
• Holds own bottle
• Finger feeds Cheerios® or string beans |
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Term
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Definition
| • Seeks object after it falls silently to the floor |
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Term
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Definition
• Lets parents know when happy versus upset
• Engages in gaze monitoring: adult looks away and child follows adult glance with own eyes |
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Term
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Definition
• Responds to “Come here”
• Looks for family members, “Where’s mama?” . . . etc |
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Term
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Definition
| • Says “Dada” (nonspecific) • Echolalia • Shakes head for “no” |
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Term
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Definition
• “Stands” on feet and hands
• Begins creeping
• Pulls to stand
• Bear walks (all four limbs straight) |
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Term
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Definition
• Radial-digital grasp of cube
• Bangs two cubes together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Inspects bell
• Rings bell
• Pulls string to obtain ring |
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Term
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Definition
• Uses sounds to get attention
• Separation anxiety
• Follows a point, “Oh look at . . .”
• Recognizes familiar people visually |
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Term
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Definition
• Enjoys gesture games
• Orients to name well
• Orients to bell |
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Term
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Definition
• Says “Mama” (nonspecific)
• Nonreduplicative babble
• Imitates sounds |
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Term
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Definition
• Creeps well
• Cruises around furniture using two hands
• Stands with one hand held
• Walks with two hands held |
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Term
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Definition
• Clumsy release of cube
• Inferior pincer grasp of pellet
• Isolates index finger and pokes |
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Term
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Definition
| • Drinks from cup held for child |
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Term
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Definition
• Uncovers toy under cloth
• Pokes at pellet in bottle
• Tries to put cube in cup, but may not be able to let go |
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Term
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Definition
• Experiences fear
• Looks preferentially when name is called |
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Term
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Definition
• Enjoys peek-aboo
• Waves “bye-bye” back |
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Term
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Definition
• Says “Dada” (specific)
• Waves “bye-bye” |
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Term
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Definition
• Pivots in sitting position
• Cruises furniture using one hand
• Stands for a few seconds
• Walks with one hand held |
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Term
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Definition
• Throws objects
• Stirs with spoon |
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Term
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Definition
| • Cooperates with dressing |
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Term
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Definition
• Finds toy under cup
• Looks at pictures in book |
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Term
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Definition
| • Gives objects to adult for action after demonstration (lets adult know he or she needs help) |
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Term
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Definition
• Stops activity when told “no”
• Bounces to music |
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Term
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Definition
• Says first word
• Vocalizes to songs |
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Term
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Definition
• Stands well with arms high, legs splayed
• Posterior protection
• Independent steps |
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Term
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Definition
• Scribbles after demonstration
• Fine pincer grasp of pellet
• Holds crayon
• Attempts tower of two cubes |
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Term
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Definition
• Finger feeds part of meal
• Takes off hat |
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Term
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Definition
• Rattles spoon in cup
• Lifts box lid to find toy |
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Term
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Definition
• Shows objects to parent to share interest
• Points to get desired object (proto-imperative pointing) |
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Term
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Definition
• Follows one-step command with gesture
• Recognizes names of two objects and looks when named |
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Term
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Definition
• Points to get desired object (proto-imperative pointing)
• Uses several gestures with vocalizing (eg, waving, reaching) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Walks with arms high and out (high guard) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Attempts to release pellet in bottle |
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Term
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Definition
| • Drinks from cup with some spilling |
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Term
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Definition
• Dangles ring by string
• Reaches around clear barrier to obtain object
• Unwraps toy in cloth |
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Term
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Definition
• Shows desire to please caregiver
• Solitary play
• Functional play |
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Term
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Definition
| • Looks appropriately when asked, “Where’s the ball?” |
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Term
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Definition
• Uses three words
• Immature jargoning:inflection without real words |
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Term
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Definition
• Stands without pulling up
• Falls by collapse
• Walks well |
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Term
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Definition
• Imitates back and forth scribble
• Adds third cube to a two-cube tower
• Puts round peg in and out of hole |
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Term
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Definition
• Removes socks/shoes
• Chews well
• Puts spoon in mouth (turns over) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Dumps pellet out of bottle after demonstration |
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Term
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Definition
• Points at object to express interest (protodeclarative pointing)
• Purposeful exploration of toys through trial and error |
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Term
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Definition
| • Follows one-step command without gesture |
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Term
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Definition
• Names one object
• Points at object to express interest (protodeclarative pointing) |
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Term
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Definition
• Stoops to pick up toy
• Creeps up stairs
• Runs stifflegged
• Walks carrying toy
• Climbs on furniture |
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Term
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Definition
• Builds three to four-cube tower
• Places 10 cubes in cup
• Releases pellet into bottle |
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Term
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Definition
• Uses spoon with some spilling
• Attempts to brush own hair
• Fusses to be changed |
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Term
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Definition
• Turns pages in book
• Places circle in single-shape puzzle |
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Term
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Definition
• Shows empathy (someone else cries, child looks sad)
• Hugs adult in reciprocation
• Recognizes without a demonstration that a toy requires activation; hands it to adult if can’t operate |
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Term
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Definition
• Points to one body part
• Points to one object of three when named
• Gets object from another room upon demand |
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Term
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Definition
• Uses three to five words
• Mature margining with real words |
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Term
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Definition
• Stands on one foot with slight support
• Walks backwards
• Walks up stairs with one hand held |
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Term
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Definition
• Puts several round pegs in board with urging
• Scribbles spontaneously |
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Term
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Definition
• Picks up and drinks from cup
• Fetches and carries objects (same room) |
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Term
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Definition
• Dumps pellet out without demonstration
• Finds toy observed to be hidden under layers of covers
• Places circle in form board |
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Term
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Definition
| • Kisses by touching lips to skin • Periodically visually relocates caregiver • Self-conscious; embarrassed when aware of people observing |
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Term
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Definition
| • Understands simple commands, “Bring to mommy” • Points to one picture when named |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Creeps down stairs
• Runs well
• Seats self in small chair
• Throws ball while standing |
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Term
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Definition
• Makes four cube tower
• Crudely imitates vertical stroke |
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Term
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Definition
• Removes garment
• Gets onto adult chair unaided
• Moves about house without adult |
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Term
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Definition
| • Matches pairs of objects • Replaces circle in form board after it has been turned around (usually with trial and error) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Passes M-CHAT • Engages in pretend play with other people (e.g., tea party, birthday party) • Begins to show shame (when does wrong) and possessiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| • Points to two of three objects when named • Points to three body parts • Points to self • Understands “mine” • Points to familiar people when named |
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Term
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Definition
| • Uses 10 to 25 words • Uses giant words (all gone, stop that) • Imitates environmental sounds (e.g., animals) • Names one picture on demand |
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Term
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Definition
| • Squats in play • Carries large object • Walks downstairs with one hand held |
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Term
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Definition
| • Completes round peg board without urging • Makes five- to six-cube tower • Completes square peg board |
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Term
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Definition
| • Places only edibles in mouth • Feeds self with spoon entire meal |
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Term
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Definition
| • Deduces location of hidden object • Places square in form board |
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Term
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Definition
| • Begins to have thoughts about feelings • Engages in tea party with stuffed animals • Kisses with pucker |
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Term
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Definition
| • Points to three pictures • Begins to understand her/him/me |
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Term
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Definition
| • Holophrases (“Mommy?” and points to keys, meaning: “These are Mommy’s keys.”) • Two-word combinations • Answers requests with “no” |
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Term
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Definition
| • Walks up stairs holding rail, putting both feet on each step • Kicks ball with demonstration • Walks with one foot on walking board |
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Term
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Definition
| • Closes box with lid • Imitates vertical line • Imitates circular scribble |
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Term
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Definition
| • Uses spoon well • Drinks from cup well • Unzips zippers • Puts shoes on partway |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Watches other children intensely • Begins to show defiant behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| • Points to four to five pictures when named • Points to five to six body parts • Points to four pieces of clothing when named |
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Term
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Definition
| • Uses 25 to 50 words • Asks for more • Adds one to two words/week |
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Term
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Definition
| • Walks down stairs holding rail, both feet on each step • Kicks ball without demonstration • Throws overhand |
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Term
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Definition
| • Makes a single-line “train” of cubes • Imitates circle • Imitates horizontal line |
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Term
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Definition
| • Opens door using knob • Sucks through a straw • Takes off clothes without buttons • Pulls off pants |
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Term
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Definition
| • Sorts objects • Matches objects to pictures • Shows use of familiar objects |
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Term
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Definition
| • Parallel play • Begins to mask emotions for social etiquette |
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Term
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Definition
| • Follows two-step command • Understands me/you • Points to 5 to 10 pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| • Two-word sentence (noun verb) • Telegraphic speech • Uses 50 words • 50% intelligibility • Refers to self by name • Names three pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| • Jumps from bottom step with one foot leading • Walks on toes after demonstration • Walks backward 10 steps |
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Term
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Definition
| • Strings large beads awkwardly • Unscrews jar lid • Turns paper pages (often several at once) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Holds self and verbalizes toilet needs • Pulls pants up with assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| • Matches shapes • Matches colors |
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Term
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Definition
| • Reduction in separation anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Repeats two digits • Begins to use pronouns (I, me, you) • Names 10 to 15 pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| • Walks up stairs with rail, alternating feet • Jumps in place • Stands with both feet on balance beam • Walks with one foot on balance beam |
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Term
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Definition
| • Makes eightcube tower • Makes a “train” of cubes and includes a stack |
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Term
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Definition
| • Washes hands • Puts things away • Brushes teeth with assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| • Replaces circle in form board after it has been turned around (little or no trial and error) • Points to small details in pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| • Imitates adult activities (e.g., sweeping, talking on phone) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Follows two prepositions: “put block in . . . on box” • Understands actions words: “playing . . . washing . . . blowing” |
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Term
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Definition
| • Echolalia and jargoning gone • Names objects by use • Refers to self with correct pronoun • Recites parts of well-known story/fills in words |
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Term
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Definition
| • Walks swinging arms opposite of legs (synchronous gait) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Makes 9- to 10-cube tower • Puts six square pegs in pegboard • Imitates cross |
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Term
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Definition
| • Toilet trained • Puts on coat unassisted |
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Term
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Definition
| • Points to self in photos • Points to body parts based on function (“What do you hear with?”) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Begins to take turns • Tries to help with household tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| • Understands three prepositions • Understands dirty, wet • Points to objects by use: “ride in . . . put on feet . . . write with” |
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Term
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Definition
| • Gives first and last name • Counts to 3 • Begins to use past tense • Enjoys being read to (short books) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Balances on one foot for 3 seconds • Goes up stairs, alternating feet, no rail • Pedals tricycle • Walks heel to toe • Catches ball with stiff arms |
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Term
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Definition
| • Copies circle • Cuts with scissors: side to-side (awkwardly) • Strings small beads well • Imitates bridge of cubes |
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Term
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Definition
| • Independent eating • Pours liquid from one container to another • Puts on shoes without laces • Unbuttons |
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Term
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Definition
| • Draws a two- to three-part person • Understands long/short, big/small, more/less • Knows own gender • Knows own age • Matches letters/numerals |
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Term
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Definition
| • Starts to share with/without prompt • Fears imaginary things • Imaginative play • Uses words to describe what someone else is thinking (“Mom thought I was asleep”) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Points to parts of pictures (nose of cow, door of car) • Names body parts with function • Understands negatives • Groups objects (foods, toys) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Uses 200 words • Three-word sentences • Uses pronouns correctly • 75% intelligibility • Uses plurals • Names body parts by use • Asks to be read to |
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Term
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Definition
| • Balances on one foot 4 to 8 seconds • Hops on one foot two to three times • Standing broad jump: 1 to 2 feet • Gallops • Throws ball overhand 10 feet • Catches bounced ball (41⁄2 yrs) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Copies square • Ties single knot • Cuts 5-inch circle • Uses tongs to transfer • Writes part of first name • Imitates gate with cubes |
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Term
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Definition
| • Goes to toilet alone • Wipes after bowel movement • Washes face/hands • Brushes teeth alone • Buttons • Uses fork well |
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Term
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Definition
| • Draws a four- to six-part person • Can give amounts (usually less than 5) correctly • Simple analogies: - dad/boy: mother/???- ice/cold: fire/??? - ceiling/up: floor/??? • Points to five to six colors • Points to letters/numerals when named • Rote counts to 4 • “Reads” several common signs/store names |
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Term
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Definition
| • Deception: interested in “tricking” others and concerned about being tricked by others • Has a preferred friend • Labels happiness, sadness, fear, and anger in self • Group play |
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Term
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Definition
| • Follows three step commands • Points to things that are the same versus different • Names things when actions are described (e.g., swims in water, you cut with it, it’s something you read, it tells time . . .) • Understands adjectives: bushy, long, thin, pointed |
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Term
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Definition
| • Uses 300 to 1,000 words • Tells stories • 100% intelligibility • Uses “feeling” words • Uses words that tell about time |
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Term
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Definition
| • Walks down stairs with rail, alternating feet • Balances on one foot >8 seconds • Hops on one foot 15 times • Skips • Running broad jump 2 to 3 feet • Walks backward heel-toe • Jumps backward |
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Term
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Definition
| • Copies triangle • Puts paper clip on paper • Can use clothespins to transfer small objects • Cuts with scissors • Writes first name • Builds stairs from model |
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Term
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Definition
| • Spreads with knife • Independent dressing • Bathes independently |
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Term
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Definition
| • Draws an 8- to 10-part person • Gives amounts (<10) • Identifies coins • Names letters/ numerals out of order • Rote counts to 10 • Names 10 colors • Uses letter names as sounds to invent spelling • Knows sounds of consonants and short vowels by end of kindergarten • Reads 25 words |
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Term
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Definition
| • Has group of friends • Apologizes for mistakes • Responds verbally to good fortune of others |
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Term
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Definition
| • Knows right and left on self • Points to different one in a series • Understands “er” endings (eg, batter, skater) • Understands adjectives: busy, long, thin, pointed • Enjoys rhyming words and alliterations • Produces words that rhyme • Points correctly to “side,” “middle,” “corner” |
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Term
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Definition
| • Repeats six- to eight-word sentence • Defines simple words • Uses 2,000 words • Knows telephone number • Responds to “why” questions • Retells story with clear beginning, middle, end |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Builds stairs from memory • Draws diamond • Writes first and last name • Creates and writes short sentences • Forms letters with down going and counterclockwise strokes • Copies flag |
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Term
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Definition
| • Ties shoes • Combs hair • Looks both ways at street • Remembers to bring belongings |
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Term
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Definition
| • Draws a 12- to 14-part person • Number concepts to 20 • Simple addition/subtraction • Understands seasons • Sounds out regularly spelled words • Reads 250 words by end of first grade |
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Term
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Definition
| • Has best friend of same sex • Plays board games • Distinguishes fantasy from reality • Wants to be like friends and please them • Enjoys school |
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Term
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Definition
| • Asks what unfamiliar words mean • Can tell which words do not belong in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| • Repeats 8- to 10-word sentences • Describes events in order • Knows days of the week • 10,000 word vocabulary |
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Term
0 - 4-5 Weeks
(Prenatal Development) |
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Definition
- Fertilized egg descends from fallopian tubes to uterus
- Early cell division occurs with formation of embryonic disk - zygote becomes embryo
- developing embryo attaches to uterine wall
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Term
Neonatal neck righting
Onset is prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Child in supine with head in midline
Procedure- lift and turn child's head to side
Response- Child's body follows "like a log", that is, non segmentally |
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Term
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Onset is birth-2months |
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Definition
Position- Supine
Procedure- Have child turn head to one side
Response- Extension of the arm & leg to which the face is turned occurs, along with flexion of the opposite limbs, producing an apparent "en guarde" fencing posture |
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Term
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Definition
- Embryo divides into 3 layers
- Special layer of cells begin to grow on uterine wall - where placenta will be formed
- special cells grow to form amnion
- development of neural system begins and neural groove appears
- small buds appear on sides of body - the beginning of limbs
- heart tube forms
- Intestinal tract, lungs, liver, and kidneys begin to develop
- by the end of this period, embryo is 4-6 mm long, head is forming, body is curled.
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Term
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Definition
- Bones and muscles begin to give contour to body
- face and neck appear - human resemblance begins
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Term
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Definition
- brain grows faster than the rest of the body--forehead becomes prominent as a result of proliferation of brain tissue
- limb buds elongate--muscles and cartilage develop
- sex organs being to form
- embryo grows 30-50mm in length
- embryo becomes fetus
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Term
9 - 12-13 weeks
(Prenatal)
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Definition
- fetal period begins
- head continues to grow faster than rest of body
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Term
Placing Reactions (Arms and Legs)
Onset Arms-birth; legs-prenatal |
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Definition
Position-Hold child upright, in vertical suspension
Procedure- Brush the dorsum of child's hand or foot against tabletop
Response- The limb lifts in flexion, then is followed by extension as if to place it on the table |
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Term
Flexor withdrawal
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Supine with head in midline and legs relaxed
Procedure- Apply noxious stimulus, such as pinprick, to sole of foot
Response- Stimulated leg reacts with flexion at hip, knee, and ankle, withdrawing the extremity |
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Term
Crossed Extension
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Place child supine with head in midline
Procedure-Hold one leg straight; apply firm pressure or noxious stimulus to sole of foot
Response-Flexion, adduction, and then extension of the opposite leg |
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Term
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Definition
- eyelids are fused
- sexual differentiation becomes visible
- buds for temporary teeth emerge
- vocal cords appear
- digestive system begins to function; fetus urinates into the amniotic fluid
- placenta passes waste products from infant and mother
- bones and muscles continue to develop
- spontaneous movements of arms, legs, shoulders, and fingers occur by the end of this period.
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Term
13 - 16-17 weeks
(Prenatal) |
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Definition
- Growth rate of lower parts of body accessories
- head size decreases proportionally from one half to one fourth body size
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Term
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Definition
- Fetus is less curled
- hands and feet are well formed, with fingernails
- skin appears dark red (blood flows superficially) and wrinkled (Lacks underlying fat)
- fingers may curl into flexion
- reflexes become more active as nervous system maturation continues
- strength of movement of arms and legs increases
- fetus grows to 15 cm and weights close to 300 g
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Term
17 - 20-21 Weeks
(Prenatal) |
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Definition
- All body structures closely resemble their final form
- sweat glands appear and become functional
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Term
|
Definition
- hair appears on scalp
- skin continues to appear wrinkled
- spine becomes more straight
- spontaneous activity continues to increase
- movements may or may not be perceived by mother
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Term
Neonatal Positive Supporting
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Support infant in vertical suspension with your hands under arms and around trunk
Procedure- Allow feet to make contact with support surface
Response- Co-contraction of lower extremity muscle occurs, with limb support of minimal body weight |
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Term
Spontaneous Stepping
Onset- near birth |
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Definition
Position-Support child as in vertical suspension, but lean infant's body weight forward
Procedure- Hold infant upright in vertical suspension, touching feel to support surface. Lean infant slightly forward to elicit stepping
Response-Stepping movements occur |
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Term
Tonic Labyrinthine
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position-1. Prone 2. Supine
Procedure- Observe the child's tone and posture in prone and supine positions. Child in prone, lift head; evaluate presence of flexor tone. Child in supine, pull-to-sit, noting presence of extensor tone.
Response-Prone, flexor tone dominates; child will not lift head. Supine, extensor tone dominates; child will not flex in pull-to-sit. |
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Term
21 - 24-25 weeks
(Prenatal) |
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Definition
- eyes are completely formed; eyelids open toward the end of this period
- taste buds appear on tongue and mouth -- more prominent than in infant or adult
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Term
|
Definition
- structures continue to grow; infant continues to gain weight
- by the end of this period, fetus is 24 cm long weighs over 1000g
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Term
25 - 28-29 weeks
(Prenatal) |
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Definition
- fetus is viable -- may live independently, although may require temperature support
- cerebral hemisphere cover almost entire brain
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Term
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Definition
- neonatal reflexes are fully developed
- may cry, breathe, swallow, and suck thumb
- head hair continues to grow; body hair (lanugo) disappears
- by the end this period, fetus is 27.5 cm long and weighs 1500g
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Term
28 - 32-33 weeks
(Prenatal) |
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Definition
- rapid accumulation of fatty tissue occurs over the entire body
- fat accumulation serves as insulation -- fetus is better able to tolerate external temperature.
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Term
|
Definition
- intrauterine crowding may decrease movement range and frequency
- fetus can live independently without life support
- by the end of this period, fetus is 30 cm long and weighs approximately 2500g (5 lb)
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Term
Labyrinthine Righting Reactions
Birth to 2 months |
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Definition
Position- Hold child vertically under the arms, tilting child in space.
Procedure- Tilt child's body in all directions
Response- Head orients to vertical position and is steady, maintained in proper orientation to environment. |
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Term
More than 32 weeks
(Prenatal) |
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Definition
- fetus is fully viable; grows to 36 cm and weighs over 3500 g.
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Term
Palmar Grasp Reflex
Onset- Birth to 2 months |
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Definition
Position- Place child supine with head in midline and hands free
Procedure- Place index finger into the infant's hands with pressure over the metacarpal heads
Response-Fingers will flex around the examiner's |
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Term
Plantar Grasp Reflex
Onset- 9 months |
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Definition
Position- Place child supine with head in midline and legs released
Procedure- Place firm pressure against velar aspect of foot, directly below toes.
Response- Plantar flexion of toes occurs |
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Term
Rooting Reaction
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Place child supine with head in midline
Procedure- using your finger, stroke the personal skin at the corner of the mouth, moving laterally toward the cheek, upper lip, and lower lip
Response- Infant turns head toward stimulus; if to lower lip, mouth tends to open |
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Term
Suck-swallow reflex
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Place child supine with head in midline
Procedure- Place finger or nipple into infant's mouth
Response-Rhythmic suckling movements occur; lips, tongue, and jaw move synchronously, first down and forward, then up and back |
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Term
Traction Response
Onset- prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Place child supine with head in midline
Procedure- Grasp child's wrists and pull toward sitting position
Response- Flexion of shoulders, elbows, wrist, and fingers occurs |
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Term
Moro reflex
Onset-prenatal |
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Definition
Position- Place child in supine with head in midline
Procedure- Support infant's head and shoulders with hands and allow head to drop back 20-30 degrees with respect to trunk, stretching neck muscles
Response- Abductions of the upper extremities with extension of the elbows, wrists, and fingers occurs, followed by subsequent adduction of the arms at the shoulders and flexion at the elbows |
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Term
| Galant's response Onset-prenatal |
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Definition
| Position- Place infant in prone (in horizontal suspension) over your hand Procedure- Stroke with pressure along a paravertebral line Response- Trunk curves with shortening on the stimulated side |
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