Term
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Definition
| modify existing to allow for new |
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Definition
| when hormones have a passing, non permanent affect |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| active vs. passive theories |
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Definition
piaget - active child, active environment
vygotsky - active child, passive environment |
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Term
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Definition
| interpret new in terms of existing |
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Term
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Definition
Inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity |
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Term
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Definition
| you're the star of the show |
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Term
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Definition
| believing one's thoughts = other's thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| believing own thoughts are special or unique |
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Definition
| happens to others but not to me |
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Term
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Definition
| what is expected at a certain age |
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Term
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Definition
age a child can survive out of womb
24-25 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
1. uterus
2. birth
3. nursing |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking everything is alive |
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Term
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Definition
| needle inserted in the abdomen and a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no oxygen, sedatives, mucus in baby's system |
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Term
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Definition
what to look for when a baby is born
activity
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiratory |
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Term
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Definition
for those who could speak english (pen and paper)
abandoned after WWI --> average mental age was 13.8 |
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Term
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Definition
| scholars carefully observed the growth and development of their own children and published their findings |
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Term
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Definition
starts around 4 months
repeat consonant-vowel combinations such as baba or dadada |
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Term
| primary circular reaction |
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Definition
| repeating of a n interesting noise for the pleasure of making it |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of motor and mental development (what they do at certain stages) |
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Term
| binet intelligence test (+stanford additions) |
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Definition
Terman & Binet
intelligence test that would show normal or below normal intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts two weeks, fertilization, implant in uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| 3-8 weeks, it is an embryo, amnion chorion placenta umbilical cord develop, most structures and organs are present |
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Term
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Definition
9 weeks to birth
all other tissues and important things form |
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Term
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Definition
| The brain growth spurt is the fastest and most critical stage of brain development. The brain growth spurt occurs near the middle of pregnancy and ends between a child's 2nd and 3rd birthday. See how rapidly the brain cells multiply during the brain growth spurt: |
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Term
| braxton-hicks contractions |
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Definition
| can be mistaken for labor |
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Term
| brazelton neonatal assessment scale |
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Definition
| 26 categories on the scale that they look for in neotatal categories |
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Term
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Definition
| lay person to assist woman with childbirth, encourager |
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Term
| Carolina Abecedarian Project |
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Definition
Ramey - early intervention is crutial
higher cognitive test scores due to enhanced language development
higher academic achievement in both reading and mathematics
more likely to attend college
later childbearing.
The project concluded that high quality, educational childcare from early infancy was therefore of utmost importance. |
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Term
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Definition
| studied individuals and longitudinal approaches, naturalistic observations, asked questions |
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Term
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Definition
head develops 1st and rest of body develops after
during puberty feet and legs spurt first |
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Term
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Definition
| inserting catheter through vagina and cervix to the chorion that surrounds the fetus and extracts tiny hair cells from the chorion that contains genetic material from the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
primary (1-4 months) - sucking thumb thinking it will give milk
secondary (4-8 months) - searching for things to put in mouth
coordination of secondary reactions - (8-12m) - gazing, reaching
tertiary (12-18m) - little scientist
internalizations of schemes (18-25m) - beginning of thought |
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Term
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Definition
| knows subclass is part of a whole |
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Term
| classical conditioning, terms and concept |
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Definition
| simple form of learning in which a stimulus that initially had no effect on the individual comes to elicit a response through its association with a stimulus that already elicits the response |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 genes that have equal dominant influence |
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Term
| cognitive development (piaget) |
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Definition
Infant – 2 years old = behavioral, e.g. reflexes
Sensorimotor stage
2-7 years old = symbolic → language
Pre-operational stage
< 7 years old = logical operation, i.e., action in head
Concrete operation (7-11)
Formal operations (<11) |
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Term
| cognitive theories of moral development |
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Definition
pre-moral - children are not moral beings
heteronomous - 6-10 yrs take rules seriously
autonomous - 10 or 11 realize rules are agreements |
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Term
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Definition
| group of ppl all born at same time |
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Term
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Definition
| two cohorts develop differently but end up similarly |
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Term
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Definition
| look as if children are having a conversation but they are talking to themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| if one out of the pair has a certain gene, what is the percentage that the other in the pair will have that gene also |
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Term
| conflict resolution styles |
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Definition
accommodation
avoidance
domination
compromise
***integration*** |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| just below surface and easy to retrieve |
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Term
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Definition
well below surface
drives behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| when a child realizes that certain properties of an object or substance don't change when its appearance is altered in some superficial way |
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Term
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Definition
6-8 weeks
repeating vowel like sounds such as ooooh and aaaah , they do it when happy |
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Term
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Definition
| measuring and seeing what variable do in relation to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| specific time frame that exact right things must happen for things to turn out correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| study age groups instead of keeping up with separate individuals for years on end |
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Term
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Definition
| lots of variation when cells split |
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Term
| cumulative-deficit hypothesis |
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Definition
| poor environment that doesn't encourage mental growth - reoccurring cycle |
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Term
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Definition
irreversible loss of functioning in entire brain
1. no response to stimuli
2. no movement for 1 hr; no breathing for 3 min off ventilator
3. no reflexes
4. flat EEG |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to imitate a novel act after a delay |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomal abnormalities: trisomy 21
increased chance if mother is older |
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Term
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Definition
denial and isolation (not me)
anger (why me)
bargaining (okay, me. But...)
Depressing (focusing on current and future loss)
acceptance (calm, at peace) |
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Term
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Definition
| actively creating meaningful links between items to be remembered |
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Term
| ethical guidelines for research |
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Definition
informed consent
debriefing
subjects kept out of harm
confidentiality |
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Term
| euthanasia (passive & active) |
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Definition
active - mercy killing
passive - talking someone off respirator who would die anyway |
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Term
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Definition
learning potential assessment device
assesses ability to learn new things, also for training |
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Term
| Language Acquisition Device (LAD) |
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Definition
| a set of linguistic processing skills that nativists believe to be innate; presumably the LAD enables a child to infer the rules governing other's speech and then use these rules to produce language |
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Term
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Definition
| the genetic endowment that an individual inherits |
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Term
| genotype/environment interaction |
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Definition
passive genotype/environment - can't do anything about the genes we have
evocative genotype/environment - evoke response from people by behavior
active genotype/environment - you create environment because your genes give you certain abilities and traits |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which the child's temperament and the demands of the child's social environment are compatible or mesh |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple form of learning that involves learning not to respond to a repeated stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| a single word utterance used by an infant that represents an entire sentence's worth of meaning |
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Term
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Definition
Home observation for measure of the environment
a widely used instrument that allows an observer to determine how intellectually stimulating or impoverished environment |
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Term
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Definition
| part of nervous system not endocrine system |
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Term
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Definition
| individual has resolved her identity crisis and made commitments to particular goals |
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cells are the dominant and sickle cells are the recessive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| males inherit two or more X chromosomes (XXY or XXXY) |
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Term
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Definition
| natural childbirth w/o anesthetic |
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Term
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Definition
76.5 years in US
2003 --> 75.5 |
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Term
| stages of language development |
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Definition
cry
cooing
add consonants
babbling
holophrases
telegraphic speech |
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Term
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Definition
| we don't have the necessary cognitive skills to do it |
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Term
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Definition
| with coaching they can do it |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge of language as a system |
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Term
| moral development (affective component) |
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Definition
| we all have feelings involving what's right and wrong |
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Term
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Definition
Numbness
Yearning
Disorganized
Reorganization |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty sheath that insulates neural axons and thereby speeds the transmission of neural impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| a research method in which the scientist observes people as they engage in common everyday activates in their natural habits |
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Term
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Definition
| process in operant conditioning in which a response is strengthened or made more probably when its consequences is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus from the situation |
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Term
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Definition
| you will loose your parents at some point |
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Term
| non-normative transitions |
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Definition
| if child's death comes before the patents |
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Term
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Definition
| knowing an object continues to exist when they are no longer visible or otherwise detectable to the senses |
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Term
| concrete operational thinking |
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Definition
child begins to think logically. Operations are associated with personal experience. Operations are in concrete situation, but not in abstract manipulation.
Concrete operations allow children to classify several classes into a bigger group or to combine a number of classes in any order. Although objects are moved or reordered, no change takes place. |
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Term
| formal operational thinking |
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Definition
They are able to deal with propositions that explain concrete facts. They have the ability to use planning to think ahead.
Increase their ability to think abstractly. They can solve complex and hypothetical problems involving abstract operations.
Formal operational thinkers can recognize and identify a problem. They can state several alternative hypotheses, execute procedures to collect information about the problems to be studied, and test the hypotheses. |
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Term
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Definition
| overgeneralization of observed grammatical rules to irregular cases to which the rules do not apply |
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Term
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Definition
| talking in language like talk in |
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Term
| permissive parenting styles |
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Definition
| few demands, little control over behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| restrictive, many rules with little explanation |
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Term
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Definition
| more flexible, clear cut enforced rules |
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Term
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Definition
| reward occasionally so the behavior will continue |
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Term
| perception (methods of studying/researching) |
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Definition
interpretation of sensory information
looking chamber to see what kids are looking at |
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Term
| perception, visual development in infants |
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Definition
visual cliff (gibson)
as early as 2 months |
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Term
| personality development stages |
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Definition
Trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame, doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs.Despair |
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Term
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Definition
behavioral and physical characteristics that are product of the genes
physical characteristics resulting from one's genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| the sound system of a language and the rules for combining these sounds to produce meaningful units of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine system - release hormones into blood |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic disorder in which the child is unable to metabolize phenylalanine; if left untreated; it soon causes hyperactivity and mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| organ, formed from the chorion and the lining of the uterus, that provides for the nourishment of the unborn child and the elimination of its metabolic wastes |
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Term
| plasticity vs degeneration |
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Definition
| degeneration and plasticity take place throughout the lifetime because we can't grow any new cells but our brain has many cells that undergo a sculpting process (degeneration) to form what we need |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple genes which make a trait more powerful |
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Term
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Definition
| process in operant condition whereby a response is strengthened when its consequences is pleasant event |
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Term
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Definition
| rules specifying how language is to be used appropriately in different social contexts to achieve goals |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts 2 weeks, fertilization, implant in the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
3-8 weeks, it is an embryo, amnion chorion placenta umbilical
cord develop, most structures and organs are present |
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Term
|
Definition
9 months - birth
all other tissues and important things form |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| nonsocial speech, or speech of the self, used by preschoolers, Vygotsky to the forerunner of inner speech or silent thinking in words |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| theoretical perspective associated with Freud that emphasizes unconscious motivations for behavior, conflicts within the personality and stages of psychosexual development |
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Term
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Definition
| research tradition that spawned standardized tests of intelligence and that views of intelligence as a trait or a set of traits that can be measured and that varies from person to person |
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Term
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Definition
mild: 52-70
moderate: 35-51
severe: 20-34
profound: below 19 |
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Term
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Definition
| absolutist "only one truth" |
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Term
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Definition
range of reaction genotype are vulnerable to environment. we are rubber band. environment determines how far we are stretched.
We are all born with different sized rubber bands (potential intelligence). These bands can be stretched. Large bands can be stretched further than small bands, but small stretched bands are longer than unstretched `big' bands.
First-borns and only children have higher intelligence, and academic performance.
Intellectual climate of home is a function of family size and position in the family (Zajonc). |
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Term
| genotype/environment interaction |
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Definition
passive - we can't do anything about it
evocative - you evoke a response from people
active - you create your environment |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for menarche to reach menarche earlier |
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Term
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Definition
| peoples perception of their unique attributes or traits |
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Term
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Definition
| peoples overall evaluation of their worth based on an assessment of the qualities that make up self concept |
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Term
|
Definition
| sense that they can do things, they can make a difference |
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Term
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Definition
| aspect of language centering on meanings |
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Term
| sensory threshold changes w/ age |
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Definition
| the point at which low levels of stimulation can be detected |
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Term
|
Definition
longitudinal and cross sectional
three potential patterns of results
* cohort effect and age effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| two cohorts develop similarly |
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Term
|
Definition
| two cohorts develop differently but end up similarity |
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Term
| female chromosome pattern |
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Definition
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Term
| sex linked inheritance of traits |
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Definition
| situation when we have a recessive gene on the X chromosome. X chromosome is much bigger |
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Term
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Definition
| memory store in which limited amounts of information are temporarily held |
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Term
|
Definition
| information that has been examined and interpreted is stored relatively permanently |
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Term
|
Definition
| rules specifying how words can be combined to form meaningful sentences in a language |
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Term
|
Definition
| early sentences that consist primarily of content words and omit the less meaningful parts of speech as articles... |
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Term
| effect stress on pregnant rats has on babies |
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Definition
| causes babies to behave differently than their gender |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to perceive an object as the same size despite changes in its distance from the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| any disease drug or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| a mild tranquilizer that taken early in pregnancy can produce a variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears |
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Term
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Definition
| neutral then the U chromosome will sned a message that will determine sex of infant |
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Term
| upper limit of proximal development |
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Definition
| level of additional responsibility child can accept with assistance of an able instructor |
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Term
| lower limit of proximal development |
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Definition
| tasks too difficult for children to master alone, level of problem solving reached on these takes by child working alone |
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Term
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Definition
| neither XX nor XY, its XO, can't have kids, smaller people |
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