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Test One:
Predictions that can be tested in an effort to explain human development are know as -- |
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| a system of meanings and sustoms shared by one identifiable group and transmitted across generations comprises the -- of the group. |
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| the basic idea that there may be significant periods in development when an organism is especially sensitive to the presence of absence of some particular kind of experience or influence in referred to as -- |
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| physical development from the head down is the -- pattern, and physical development from the turnk outward is the -- pattern. |
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| cephalocaudal; proximodistal |
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| bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of human developments places primary emphasis on -- |
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| the interactions among the contexts in which children live and develop |
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| Michele, age 16, has recently gained a considerable amount of weight, but has not grown any taller. developmetalists would suggest that there is a problem in the -- domain. |
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| The central issues of the nature/nurture controversy are -- |
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| biolgical processes and experiential factors |
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| most developmental psychs. agree that one of the key factors that determines the developmental effects of unique, non-shared events is the -- of the experiences. |
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which of the following best describes the goals of developmental science?
a. to desscribe, explain, predict, and influence development
b. to understand and explain social norms
c. to study cohort effects across cultures
d. to explain, record and influence human differences |
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| a. to describe, explain, predict, and influence development |
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| sets of statements that propose general principles to explain development are know as -- |
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| -- disease is an autosomal disorder most often seen in people of West Africa descent. |
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which of the following is an example of normative age-graded change?
a. you habe blue eyes even though both parents have brown
b. you are taller now than when you were 10
c. you moved to the US when you were a teen and learned to speak english
d. you learned to walk before you learned to crawl |
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| under what circumstance(s) will a recessive gene be expressed? |
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| when it is paired with another recessive gene for the same trait |
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| brain development in the first year of life emphasizes |
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| at what point does the fetal period begin? |
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| when the process of organogenesis is complete |
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| which type of research design is inteded to avoid the shortcomings of both cross-sectional and longitudital studies by combining features form both? |
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| what does the concept of in-born biases mean? |
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| babies are born with built-in tendencies to respond to stimulation or experience in certain ways |
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| an individual unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents, is the person's -- |
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| where does fertilization of the ovum take place in a normal prgnancy? |
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| an important trend in the study of human development involves incorporating many theoretical perspetives in order to better explain development. which of the following describes this approach? |
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| the stages of prenatal development in order are -- |
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| germinal, embryonic, and fetal |
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| behavior is more likely to reoccur if-- |
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| carmelite has smoked an average of one pack of cigarettes per day throughout her pregnancy. How is this likely to affect her fetus? |
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| the infant may weigh less than normal birth |
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| generally, teratogenic effects follow a basic pattern or rule, which is that -- |
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| an organ system is most vulnerable to disruption during the time when it is developing rapidly |
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| individuals who are born within a narrow span of years thus sharing a similar historical experience are called -- |
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| genetically programmed patterns of change such as the acquisition of fat and muscle associated with puberty or the decrease in cardiac output associated with age exemplify the development process know as -- |
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| after wwII, researcher began to study a group of children know as "baby boomers." These children were studied for years, until they were adults documenting everything from social attitudes to occupational choices. This is an example of a -- study |
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| longitudinal design study |
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| correlational research does not allow us to show -- relationships |
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| at birth we lack the ability to plan activities, make judgments, or use language because our -- is/are not well developed |
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| all leaning theories rely on the principle that development results from an accumulation of -- |
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| a demonstrated relationship |
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| what is meant by the concept of internal model of experience? |
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| the effect of an experience lies in the meaning we attach to the experience, and we use these meanings to interpret subsequent experiences |
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| The Apgar scoring system is used to assess an infants -- |
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| satus immediately after birth and then again five minutes later |
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| in a -- design, subjects of different ages are studies at the same time and the results are compared. |
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| What does your text suggest about the persistence of the Moro refelc or the Babinski relex beyond six months of age? |
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| it may signal the existence of some type of neurological problem |
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| Meko has dark hair and dark eyes even though his biological mother is fair skinned. Meko's hair and eye color are part of his -- |
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| what is another name for the startle reflex? |
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| Pregnant women should eat foods with folic acid such as beans or spinach during pregnancy. What is the purpose of this dietary recommendation? |
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| to ensure sufficent weight gain for a healthy baby |
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which of the following is a commonly used prenatal diagnostic procedure?
a. alpha-fetoprotein test
b. positron-emission transmission imaging
c. functional magnetic-resonance imaging
d. electroencephalography |
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which of the following terms best describes a change in kind or type?
a. qualitative change
b. quantitative change
c. significant change
d. metric change |
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| An infant has lost interest in a familiar stimuls. After the stimulus has been removed for a time, the infant shows renewed interest. This defines which of the following? |
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holding a pencil to write or draw requires which of the following?
a. gross motor skills
b. locomotion
c. grappling skills
d. fine motor skills |
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olive is four. She would be able to participate in which of the following activities?
a. throwing and catching a ball
b. hopscotch
c. skip
d. playing complex piano sonatas using alternating hands |
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a child's understanding of the nature of objects their properties and how they work defines which of the following?
a. object relations
b. object concept
c. object permanence
d. objectiication |
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| infant intelligence tests primarily gauge intelligence by measuring -- |
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| in abraham tells his son "no, hot!" the child will move his hands away from the front of the hot stove. however, the child cannot say "hot stove" himself. this demonstrates what principle of children's language development? |
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| receptive language devlops before expressive language |
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| when infants use facial expression cues to help the understand what to do in a new situation, the are engaging in what researchers call -- |
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| an infant sees a toy disappear under a blanket and does not search for it. The infant acts as though the toy never existed. This is because the infant has not yet developed -- |
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| what is the typical sequence of the beginning of language up to the first words? |
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| crying, cooing, babbling, gesturing, receptive language |
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| repeated exposure to particular experiences results in the development of "known" combinaitions of acitivites or expectancies. |
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| derek saw his mother's hat, pinted and exclaimed, "mommy!" this is an example of -- |
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| when infants cry and protest at being left with someone other than their primary caregivers, developmentalists label this -- |
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| in the US the major cause of death of pre-school and school age children is -- |
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| insturmental aggression is generally directed to a(n) --; hostile aggression is generally directed toward a(n) -- |
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| the primary technique of interacting with the world in the first substage of piaget's sensorimotor stage is -- |
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| secondary circular reactions |
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| "mommy sick!" is an example of -- |
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| a -- is a set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviors. |
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| a child's ability to place round pegs in round holes requires which type of motor skills? |
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| combination of gross and fine |
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| when a child combines information from several senses into one perception, this is called -- |
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| when mason cries, his mother responds by picking him up. When he coos, his mother talks to him, she smilse when he smiles. These are examples of -- |
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| according to Piaget, at about age two children being to use -- in their thinking. |
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| what is the term which describes the ability to control and relect on your own memory functions? |
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| permanent changes in behavior that result from experience are examples of -- |
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which of the following is the best example of inductive discipline?
a. as punishment for their careless mental mistakes during practice, the team had to run five extra laps
b. jarod was punished for ighting even though the other child started the fight
c. beverly's parents explained that she was punished because it was wrong to take money from her mother's purse without permission
d. mr. smith said, "because i said so!" when his daughter asked why they were forbidden to go to the mall |
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| joyce loves to play w/ her toy telephone. when she holds the receiver to her face and calls "hi" she is engaging in -- |
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| permanent changes in behaviro that result from experience are examples of -- |
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| in one of piagets classic experiements, a child was shown a 3D scene featuring different sizes and colors of mountains. the child was able to choose a drawing that best represented the mountain scene as he saw it, but was unable to choose a drawing that reflected how another person might see the mountain from a different perspective. the child's inablilty to take anothers perspective indicated -- |
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| a childs ability to theink about or evaluage the quality of her thinking is -- |
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| according to Erikson, a preschooler's development is centered on her -- |
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| new mobility and her accompanying desire for autonamy |
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| the emotional and behavioral perdispositions present at birth are thought to be the foundation of personality. these predispositions are collectively referred to as -- |
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which of the following is an example of family day care, according to your text's definition?
a. josh stays w/ his grandma when his mom is working
b. Susanne's daughter stays with their neighbor, Mindy, and her children when Susanne is working
c. zach stays with his sisteer and a sitter in their own home while parents work
d. amanda has a nany who lives in the home |
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| Susanne's daughter stays with their neighbor, Mindy, and her children when Susanne is working |
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| children who can classify other people into groups such as "people who are nice" and "people who are mean" are demonstrating -- |
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| a 3 y/o who uses lang. as a guide to solving problems such as saying "put it there" to himself as he builds a tower of blocks is using -- according to Vygotsky |
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guilt, shame, and pride are all examples of which of the following?
a. empathetic emotions
b. moral emotions
c. social emotions
d. external emotions |
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| when a child focuses only on one aspect of a problem or situation at a time is showing -- |
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all of the following are dimensions of family functions conceptualized by Boumrind in her study of parenting styles EXCEPT:
a. maturity demands
b. warmth or nurturance
c. clear and consistent rules
d. discipline
e. communication |
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| most of us speak in high pitched voices when speaking to a young child. this describes -- |
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TEST 3
what does your text suggest is one of the most significant physical devlopments of middle childhood? |
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| improvement in fine motor coordination that makes it possible to write, play a musical insturment, paint and draw. |
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| WHICH TWO areas of the brain undergo major growht spurts during middle childhood? |
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| sensory and motor areas and the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex |
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| which type of tests is desinged to access specific info. that is tangent and hopefully learned at school |
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| decutive logic is defined as: |
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| reasoning based on hypothetical premises that requires the ability to use a general principle to predict a specific outcome |
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if abe understands class inclusions, the he understands --
a. what grade he will be in at school
b. squirrels are mammals and that mammals are animals
c.that cleaning his room includes taking dirty clothes to the laundry
d. that abstract principles apply to everyday life |
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| that squirrels are mammals and that mammals are animals |
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| to help himself remember, antonio repeated the five item list over and over. this is an example of an information-processing strategy know as -- |
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| steinburgs theory proposes 3 component of intelligence. what are they? |
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| contextual, experiential, componential |
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which of the following accurately describes female differences in middle childhood friendships
a. boys friendship groups are smaller than girls friendship groups
b. boys spend more time playing indoors or near home or school
c. girls friendship groupos are more accepting of newcomers than are boys groups
d. girls are more liekly to play in pairs or in small, exlusive groups |
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| d. girls are more likely to play in pairs or small exlusive groups |
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| concrete operations permit children to understand |
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| emotional intelligence (Goldman) has 3 components; awareness of personal emotions, appropriate emotional expression and -- |
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| the ability to interpret emotional situations effectively |
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which of the following describes the tendency to focus on the details of a task.
a. analytical style
b. projective style
c. relational style
d. subjective style |
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| during the middle childhood years, disciplinary interactions w/ parents typically decrease becase a child is more capable of -- |
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