Term
|
Definition
| period of rapid change and sexual maturation |
|
|
Term
| puberty is characterized by (5) |
|
Definition
-rapid excelleration in growth
-primary sex characteristics
-secondary sex characteristics
-changes in body composition
-changes in circulatory and respiratory systems |
|
|
Term
| puberty is a ______ sequence for boys, _______ for girls. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| menarche happens _____ in the female puberty sequence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ are fertile before they look like adults. the opposite is true of ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly specialized chemical substances secreted by the endocrine system |
|
|
Term
| the three parts of the endocrine system |
|
Definition
hypothalmus
pituitary
gonads |
|
|
Term
| sex hormones (2, example for each) |
|
Definition
estrogen (estradial)
androgen (testosterone) |
|
|
Term
| estrogen and androgen are both present in ________ before puberty. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for girls, estrogen increases ____ with puberty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for boys, testosterone increases _____ with puberty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trigger physical development
trigger psychological development
trigger behavior changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein produced by fat cells, increased amounts may be a trigger for puberty |
|
|
Term
| factors that can delay the onset of puberty (5) |
|
Definition
excessive thinness
excessive excersize
deficiencies
nutritional
illness
stress |
|
|
Term
| physical changes that occur during puberty (4) |
|
Definition
adolescent growth spurt
peak height velocity
asynchronicity
body composition changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| age at which puberty begins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rate at which maturation occurs |
|
|
Term
| onset of puberty in girls begins at ____ years of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| onset of puberty in boys begins at ____ years of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| length of puberty in girls is generally _____ years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| length of puberty in boys is generally ____ years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early maturing boys are (4) |
|
Definition
taller & stronger
more popular/confident
more likely to misbehave
more likely to throw temper tantrum |
|
|
Term
| late maturing boys are (4) |
|
Definition
childish
less popular/more likely to be bullied
low in self-esteem
high in intellectual curiosity/social initiative (later in life) |
|
|
Term
| early maturing girls have/are (4) |
|
Definition
lower achievement academially
more problem behaviors
less popular/more withdrawn
more emotional difficulties |
|
|
Term
| late maturing girls are/have (3) |
|
Definition
more likely to go to college
less problem behaviors
less emotional difficulties |
|
|
Term
| ___ of girls have an eating disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ of people with e.d. are female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| untreated eating disorders have a death rate between ____and____ percent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation |
|
|
Term
| people with anorexia nervosa have (3) |
|
Definition
a weight thats 85% less than normal
an intense fear of gaining weight
a distorted body image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual consistently follows a binge/purge pattern |
|
|
Term
| people with bulemia nervosa have (3) |
|
Definition
episodes twice a week for 3 weeks
a normal weight sometimes
a preoccupation w/food |
|
|
Term
| changes in the brain during adolescence (5) |
|
Definition
pruning synapses
increase dopamine
decrease seratonin
maturing prefrontal cortex
amygdala and hippocampus increase in volume |
|
|
Term
| six major changes in cognition during adolescence |
|
Definition
thinking about possibilities
thinking about abstract concepts
metacognition
thinking in multiple dimensions
adolescent relitivism
decision making |
|
|
Term
| thinking about possibilities implies the ability to (4) |
|
Definition
move between specific and abstract
generate alternative possibilities
use hypothetical-deductive reasoning
take perspective |
|
|
Term
| thinking about abstract concepts implies the ability to (3) |
|
Definition
understand higher-order abstract logic
show growth of social thinking
show increased interest in relationships/politics/religion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitering one's own cognitive activities during the process of thinking (thinking about thinking) |
|
|
Term
| adolescent egocentrism (2 examples) |
|
Definition
imaginary audience (self-consciousness)
personal fable (unique/invincible) |
|
|
Term
| thinking in multiple dimensions |
|
Definition
| the ability to see things in more complicated ways, with more sophisticated understanding of probability, and understanding sarcasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to see things as relative rather than black or white, may think everything is certain or nothing is reliable |
|
|
Term
| behavioral decision making theory (5) |
|
Definition
identify alternative choice
indentify consequences of each
evaluate desirability of each consequence
assess liklihood of each consequences
combine all info & make decision |
|
|
Term
| misconceptions about adolescents and families (4) |
|
Definition
large generational gap
adolescents&parents disagree about everything
adolescents hate their parents
adolescence is a time of great family conflict |
|
|
Term
| why do parents and adolescents fight? (5) |
|
Definition
biological development-adolescents are bigger
cognitive developement-adolescents challenge right&wrong
different tastes
define issues differently
disagree about range/pace of autonomy |
|
|
Term
| adolescent identity crisis |
|
Definition
| first substantial restructuring of the individual self |
|
|
Term
| identity v. identity diffusion--erikson |
|
Definition
| establishing a clear and definite sense of who you are OR failure to do so/form negative identity |
|
|
Term
| key areas of identity v. identity diffusion (3) |
|
Definition
love (personal relationships)
work (occupation)
ideology (beliefs/values) |
|
|
Term
| in eriksons adolescent stage, identity is formed through... |
|
Definition
| interactions with others and by integrating parts of loved ones' behaviors and attitudes into their personality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a description of the idea that during adolescence, adult reponsibilities are postponed as youth try on various possible selves |
|
|
Term
| with the psychosocial moratorium ____ will be lost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a coherent sense of identity (commitment and exploration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commitment w/o exploration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no commitments or attempts for them |
|
|
Term
| in adolescence, youth first recognize _____ and _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strong ethnic identity equals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process through which parents attempt to teach their children about thier ethnic identity |
|
|
Term
| three factors of racial socialization |
|
Definition
understanding one's culture
getting along with mainstream society
dealing with racism |
|
|
Term
| Phinney's four types of minorities |
|
Definition
assimilated
marginal
seperated
bicultural |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| try to adoptthe majority culture's norms and standards while rejecting one's own ethnic group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live within the majority culture but feel estranged and outcast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associate only with members of one's own culture and rejecting the majority culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintain ties to both majority and minority cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how the individual feels about him/her self (low in adolescents) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much an individual worries about their self image (high in adolescence) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much self-image changes from day to day (variable in adolescence) |
|
|
Term
| _____ have lower self esteem than _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adolescence begins in ______ and ends in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three "requirements" for transitioning to adulthood |
|
Definition
full time employment
economic independence
accepting responsibility/consequences |
|
|
Term
| reason the transition to adulthood is being delayed (4) |
|
Definition
increase in people getting long educations
declining economy
shift in attitudes toward children
delayed adult roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| college grads who go back to live with their parents while seeking economic independence |
|
|
Term
| emerging adulthood occurs between ___&___ years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| emerging adulthood is the most ______ period of life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| age of identity explorations (E.A.) |
|
Definition
| no longer live at home+not yet obligated to a family=freedom to explore options |
|
|
Term
| during emerging adulthood, how are love&work, and worldviews effected |
|
Definition
-explorations become more serious and focused
-exposed to a wide variety of worldviews |
|
|
Term
| age of instability (E.A.) |
|
Definition
| young adults are moving around a lot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no longer reliable on parents, not yet committed to stable adult roles=focus on your self |
|
|
Term
| age of feeling in-between (E.A.) |
|
Definition
| neither feeling like an adolescent or an adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many future possibilities exist and little about one's life is decided for certain. optimism |
|
|
Term
| emerging adulthood is the _____ time in the life span |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peak age of physical performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ of US adults are obese or overweight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors contributing to obesity (5) |
|
Definition
heredity
leptin
environment
lack of excercise
dieting |
|
|
Term
| about ____ of 21y.o. engage in binge drinking (5 or more in a row) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overwhelming involvement w/using a drug & securing its supply
physical dependence
withdrawal |
|
|
Term
| disease model of addiction |
|
Definition
| addiction is lifelong and biologicall based |
|
|
Term
| life process model of addiction |
|
Definition
| addiction is a habitual response to social contexts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people only quantitatively advance over adolescents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adults progress in use of intellect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in adulthood dualistic/absolute thinking becomes reflective/relativistic thinking |
|
|
Term
| creativity peaks in _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| like infants w/ their mothers, adult use their romantic partners as a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| child attachment style is indicative of _________ in adulthood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two dimensions of adult attachment |
|
Definition
attachment related anxiety
attachment related avoidance |
|
|
Term
| in one study, ___ of adults changed attachment styles from childhood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides realistic, coherent descriptions of childhood and understand how their past imapcts current life (50-60%) |
|
|
Term
| insecure-dismissing adult |
|
Definition
| do not want to focus on their childhood, may only focus on negative memories (25-30%) |
|
|
Term
| insecure-preoccupied adult |
|
Definition
| readily talk about shildhood, but seem incoherent and disorganized. unadle to move beyond childhood issues (15%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the perceived validation of one's own views when with someone else who shares the same views (date someone like you) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people are attracted to people who have the same attributes as one another (date someone with equal physical attractiveness) |
|
|
Term
intimacy v. isolation--erikson
Task: |
|
Definition
| forming an intimate relationship with others after acheiving a stable and successful identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| finding yourself yet losing youself in someone else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to develop meaningful relationships, may lead to loneliness |
|
|
Term
| sternbergs theory of love |
|
Definition
| 3 qualities of love combine to form seven different forms of love |
|
|
Term
| sternberg's 3 qualities of love |
|
Definition
passion
intimacy
commitment |
|
|
Term
| sternberg's 7 forms of love |
|
Definition
liking
infatuation
empty love
romantic love
compassionate love
fatuous love
consumate love |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical attraction and desire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feelings of closeness and emotional attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pledge to love someone in the long run |
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
liking= ____+____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
infatuation= ____+____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
empty love= ____+____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
romantic love= ____+____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
compassionate love= ____+____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
fatuous love= ____+____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sternberg:
consumate love= ____+____+____ |
|
Definition
passion
commitment
intimacy |
|
|
Term
| stages of the family lifecycle theory (6) |
|
Definition
launching
new couple
become parents/family w/young children
family w/adolescents
family at mid-life
family in later life |
|
|
Term
| ___ of american adults will get married |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
average age of marriage has been steadily increasing for the past ___.
what is it now? |
|
Definition
50yrs
27 for men and 25 for women |
|
|
Term
| less than ____ of household are w/married couples |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___ of all marriages end in divorce.
the statistic is much lower for _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
avoiding conflict will ruin your marriage
affairs are the main cause of divorce
men are not biologically inclined for marriage
men and women are from different planets |
|
|
Term
| john gottman: what makes marriages work? (7) |
|
Definition
establishing "love maps"
nurturing fondness and admiration
turning toward eachother instead of away
letting your partner influence you
solving solvable conflicts
overcoming gridlock
creating shared meaning |
|
|
Term
| benefits of a happy marriage (2) |
|
Definition
health (mental&physical)
longer life expectancy |
|
|
Term
| marriage benefits ____ more than ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ of household have single adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living together in a sexual relationship |
|
|
Term
| ___ of couples cohabit before marriage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ of adults are divorced, and have not remarried |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| divorced individuals that do not remarry may be at risk for...(2) |
|
Definition
psychological
phsycial difficulties |
|
|
Term
| remariages are at higher risk for _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gay and lesbian couples are ______ heterosexual coupels |
|
Definition
|
|
