Term
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Definition
study of organisms & how they interact with each other & enviroment
biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| group of individual members of the same species, who can interbreed and produce viable offspring and live under same environmental conditions |
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Definition
| interactions between populations |
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| *KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION* |
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Definition
-Populations endure
-individuals are “tragetory”
-they can die |
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Term
| Intrinsic Rate of Increase |
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Definition
birth rate - death rate = intrinsic rate of increase
Birth rate must = death rate *to keep the population the same
*can calculate rate at which a population should increase |
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Definition
*see picture*
dn/dt =rn
r = x individuals present = exponential growth
all populations have a pattern |
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Term
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Definition
(every population has one) # at which population stabilizes
- # environment can support over an indefinite amount of time |
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Definition
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Term
R-selected
-Prodigal -Opportunistic -Colonizers |
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Definition
(first to arrive)
*have many young (bacteria & bugs) and are fairly small in siza
*shorter life span and do not usually take care of their young
*some are only 1X reproducers (semlparity)
*EX-weeds-(monocots) |
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Term
K-selected
Prudent- Equilibrium -Established |
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Definition
( come after environment is stable)-
*Produce few young
*much larger then R-selected
*maturing has high degree of intensive parental care
*reproduce more then once (generally) interoparty
*takes longer to reach sexual maturity
*do not have the capacity to make changes
EX- red woods(dicot), California oaks, humans, panda
K-selected individuals have much better chance of survival |
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Term
| 3 Main Categories of Interaction |
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Definition
1.Competition
2.Predatory
3.Symbiotic |
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Definition
| Where there are interactions between individuals in a population or community for the same limited resource that species are vying for. |
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Term
| Intraspecific competition |
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Definition
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| Interspecific competition |
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Definition
| with one species against another species |
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Definition
| one species is better at getting and utilizing resources, so that others do not have access |
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Definition
| overt fighting over a resource |
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| *Principle of Competitive Exclusion* |
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Definition
| if two species are in competition for a limited resource then 1 group will be more effective at gaining access to that resource and will eliminate other species in question. |
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Term
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Definition
| take limited resource and divide it up(this creates diversity) |
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Term
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Definition
total enviroment and total way of life for all the members of a species in a community
-physical -biological-behavioral
(2 components)*habitat
*ecological niche |
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Term
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Definition
| species “living address” where do you find them |
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Definition
| what is the species doing to better the habitat |
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Principles of Competitive Exclusion(POCE) may apply in some situations; but we see more COEXISTENCE with resource partitioning
WHY? |
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Definition
*IF POCE always existed and one species had to “WIN” it would reduce diversity
*Diversity must be maintained THEREFORE organisms use resource in different ways |
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Definition
-where determined by physiological(tolerance) limits of an organism
(Where they physically can live) |
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Definition
portion of the fundamental niche that gets used
(What role it plays in the environment) |
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Definition
*important part of biological ecology because it keeps prey at carrying capacity
EX- National Parks and over-populations of deer therefore reintroduce wolves |
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Definition
| If there are right number of prey at carrying capacity then the predator will be kept at there carrying capacity too!! |
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Definition
*plants- thorns, bad taste, bad smell, spines
*defense- shells, hard exoskeletons, quills, bad taste, chemicals, toxins, smells (skunk), dens, evisceration, coloration |
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Definition
| giving birth at same time so when predators do no there are an abundance of babies to eat and still some left over ( the ones that survive are probably stronger and healthier) |
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Definition
| any sort of arrangement coexisting |
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Definition
| interactions be of all living things and how they live with the non-living world. |
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| How does energy move from one organism to another organism? |
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Definition
-energy really only moves in one direction-one way flow (not recycled)
-but water & mineral & ground ger recycled |
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Term
| For most organisms SUN is the energy provider |
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Definition
-30% of the suns energy is lost in space
-20% lost in creating the atmosphere
-55% of suns energy is left overBUT most of it is absorbed by water & large areas of land
-1 % actually is incorporated in the process of living
-1-3% of the 1% is involved with photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Producers Consumers Scavengers Decomposers
sun--------X-------------X-----------------X-----------------X
Level 2ndlevel 3rd level 4th level |
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Definition
| the way the number of food chains together |
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Term
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Definition
Goss- (minus) energy costs(metabolic needs) = net productivity
*net productivity-energy that is available that the next organism can use @ the next trophic level
* Every time you move you have less and less energy
*about 10% of net energy is transferred over called THE 10% RULE |
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Term
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Definition
Things that are introduced in the environment:BAD THINGS-DDP, PCB, CFBP
-every trophic level =higher level of concentration
-liver-keeps bad material to keep from your body
**When body can no longer hold toxins**
MAMMALS AND THEIR BREAST MILK |
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