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| a large, fluid-filled vacuole occupying most of the volume of many plant cells; performs several functions, including maintaining turgor pressure |
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| the organelle in plants and plantlike protists that is the site of photosynthesis; surrounded by a double membrane and containing an extensive internal membrane system that bears chlorophyll |
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| the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes |
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| short, hairlike projections from the surface of certain eukaryotic cells that contain microtubles in a 9 + 2 arrangement. The movement of cilia may propel cells through a fluid medium or move fluids over a stationary surface layer of cells |
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| the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus |
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| a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that gives shape to a cell, holds and moves organelles, and is typically involved in cell movement |
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| referring to cells of organisms of the domain Eukarya (plants, animals, fungi, and protists). Eukaryotic cells have genetic material enclosed within a membrane bound nucleus and contain other membrane bound organelles |
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| long hairlike extension of the plasma membrance; in eukaryotic cells, they contain microtubles arranged in a 9 +2 pattern. The movement of flagella propel some cells through cluids. |
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| a stack of membranous sacs, found in most eukaryotic cells, that is the site of processing and separation of membrane components and secretory materials. |
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| a membrane bound organelle containing intracellular digestive enzymes. |
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| a hollow, cylindrical strand, found in eukaryotic cells, that is composed of the protein tubulin; part of the cytoskeleton used in the movement of organelles, cell growth, and the construction of cilia and flagella. |
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| an organelle, bounded by two membrances, that is the site of the reactions of aerobic metabolism. |
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| the double-membrance system surrounding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells; the outer membrane is typically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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| the location of the genetic material in prokaryotic cells; not membrane-enclosed. |
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| the region of the eukaryotic nucleus that is engaged in ribosome synthesis; consists of the genes encoding ribosomal RNA, newly synthesized ribosomal RNA, and ribosomal proteins. |
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| a structure, found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that performs a specific function; sometimes refers specifically to membrane bound structures, such as the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum. |
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| the outer membrane of a cell, composed of a bilayer of phosholipids in which proteins are embedded. |
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| cells of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Prokaryotic cells have gentic material that is not enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus; they lack other membrane bound organelles. |
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| an RNA molecule that can catalyze certain chemical reactions, especially those involved in the synthesis and processing of RNA itself. Manufactures many cellular proteins |
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| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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| endoplasmic reticulum lined on the outside with ribosomes that manufacture many cellular proteins. |
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| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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| endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes that manufactures phospholipids, cholesterol and membranes. |
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| a small, membrane-bound sac within the cytoplasm. |
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| The outermost boundary of an animal cell is the |
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| Which organelle contains a eukaryotic cell's chromosomes? |
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| Engergy is converted to usable form (the high energy bonds of the ATP molecule) in the __________ (also extracts energy from food molecules). |
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| Which organelle sorts, chemically modifies, and packages newly synthzied protein? |
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| Membrane enclosed organelles that contain digestive enzymes are called |
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| Diffusion is relatively slow so the interior of the cell must never be too far from the plasma membrane, and the plasma membrance must have a large surface area (relative to the volume of its cytoplasm) for diffusion. |
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| What regulates the movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm? |
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| Pores in the nuclear envelope. |
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| Where does protein sythesis occur? |
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| Where are the ribosomes manufactured? |
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| What manufactures many cellular proteins? |
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| What does the smooth ER manufature? |
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| What serves as a cells digestive system? |
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| What extracts energy from food molecules? |
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| What regulates water and store substances? |
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| what controls the passage of materials in a cell? |
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| Ribosome components are made where? |
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| Eukaryotic cell's DNA are in what form? |
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| Prokaryotic cell's DNA is in what form? |
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| If each cell has a complete set of DNA how can each cell have a different function? |
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| The nuclear envelope allows needed access to the DNA. |
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| a type of nuclear divison, used by eukaryotic cells, in which one copy of each chromosome moves into each of two daughter nuclei; the daughter nuclei are therfore genetically identical to each other. |
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| What are the +'s and -'s from a light microscope? |
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| += cell is living, use lenses to bounce light of cell, wide range of images, can be stained or illuminated. -'s= can't get too small |
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| What are the +'s and -'s from a transmission electron microscope? |
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| beams of electrons instead of light. Focused by magnetic fields. Real small, kills subject, can show inside of cell. |
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| What are the +'s and -'s from a scanning electron microscope? |
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| bounce electrons off specimens that have been coated with metals and provide 3 dimensional images. Kills subject. |
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| What are the +'s and -'s from a florescent tissue culture microscope? |
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| tags the proteins so you can see them move and where they so. Allows you to distinguish between different proteins. |
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| a rower in a boat, sweeping motion. |
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| in a wave like motion (sperm is an example) |
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| the __________in a plant cell create the energy and the _________ change it into usable form. |
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| chloroplast, mitochondrion |
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| What does the smooth ER make? |
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| phospholipids, cholesterol and membranes |
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| Name the process of manufacturing proteins. |
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| DNA-RNA-Ribosomes (ER)- Golgi complex- membrane. |
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| The Golgi complex does what? |
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| slight temperature change (do not change ph as it can denature) |
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| Where are ribosomes assembled? |
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| Name a electron carrier molecule other than ATP. |
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| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) |
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| What does the golgi add to proteins to change their structure? |
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