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Definition
| fall of jerusalem. Massive destruction and the exile of the few remaining Jews to Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar destroys the solomonic temple because of disobedience to the will/law of God. |
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Definition
| fall of Babylon. The beginning of the persian era. Cyrus the great helps some of the Jews go home to jerusalem and Ezra and Nehemiah stress the law, sabbath observance |
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Definition
| the jews rebuild the temple |
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| alexander the great has no heir so his generals divide up the world: Egypt and Paestine go to Ptolomy and Syria goes to Selucus. Palestine becomes a political football between these two warring greek states. |
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Definition
| Selucid empire controls palestine and soon after this is the rise of Hasidim, the "back to the bible group", who combat the corrupting influences of hellenism (pagan greek culture). |
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| Antiochus Epiphanies IV becomes the Selucid king |
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Definition
| Antiochus Epiphanies IV becomes the Selucid king |
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| Antiochus desecrates the temple in an attempt to eradicate Judaism. Judas Maccabeus starts the revolt against the selucids; Maccabeans fight a long war with the selucids and eventually win. |
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Definition
| rededication of the temple: Hanukkah |
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| Maccabean rulers assume high priesthood, Essenes probably split off some time after this. Bitter infighting among Jews begins over political power. |
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| Roman era begins in Palestine. Pompey enters Jerusalem at the request of certain Jews and stays. |
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| Herod the great assumes control of Palestine; he is hated but beautifies the Temple of Jerusalem. What are left of his sons succeed him. |
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Term
| what was the realm of Archelaus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the realm of Herod Antipas? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the realm of Philip Herod? |
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Term
| jews outside vs. inside the Holy Land at the time of Jesus |
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Definition
| 6 1/2 times more Jews outside the holy land; the diaspora |
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Term
| what did the Jews consider a higher authority than the roman empire? |
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Definition
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Term
| Assyrians conquered the middle east in ___ and did what? |
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Definition
| 850; eliminated 10 out of the 12 tribes of Israel. |
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Term
| what year did the babylonians rise to power, and when did they reach palestine? |
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Definition
| rose in 605, reached Jerusalem by 586/7 |
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Term
| how was the jewish population split up by the babylonians? |
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Definition
| 30-40% were killed, 30% taken captive; 30% are thought to have fled as refugees. |
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Term
| what primarily were the prophets Ezra and Nehemiah concerned about? |
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Definition
| return to pre-exile behaviors of men having non-Jewish wives/affairs and having nonJewish mothers running Jewish households. |
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Term
| three key elements of being a Jew in Jesus' time: |
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Definition
| 1) be very anti-gentile. 2) follow the Torah. 3) pro-temple. It was the tangible expression of devotion to God. |
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| Selucid Greeks take over from the Persians |
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| Greeks in Syria vs. Greeks in Egypt |
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Definition
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| In waht year did the Maccabean revolt begin? |
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Term
| origin of the name Pharisee |
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Definition
| name for the Hasidim, or the holy ones of isreal, as differentiated from the maccabeans. Pharisee comes from the word Farsi, the language of the persians, beacause they believed in the afterlife, an idea thought to have been borrowed from the persians in Babylon. |
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Term
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Definition
| people whose ancestors were of Esau and not Jacob, they were not full Jewish. From Edom. Herod the Great was Idumean and thus unpopular with the people. |
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Term
| what did Herod the great do to placate the Jews with whom he was unpopular? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many family members did Herod the Great kill? |
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Definition
| five; three sons and two wives out of paranoia and suspected coups. |
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Term
| what was Herod's response to the whispers about a messiah? |
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Definition
| he called for the slaughter of all boys under the age of 2 in Jerusalem |
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Term
| which Roman did the empire send to Jerusalem? |
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Definition
| Pontius Pilate, and this was unusual because the romans usually liked to use local people to run the government. |
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Term
| how long did Pilate hold the position of Roman apointee to Jerusalem? |
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Definition
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Term
| what language did Jesus preach in? 50 miles away, what language would he probably have spoken? |
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Definition
| Aramaic; 50 miles away, probably would have been Greek. |
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Term
| from where do we get the idea that Jesus preached in Aramaic? |
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Definition
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| common tongue; in Jesus' case, aramaic |
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Term
| what does it mean to say that Judaism was not monolithic? |
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Definition
| it was not a solid, collective whole; it was divided into three main factions |
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Term
| the three main factions of Judaism in Jesus' time? |
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Definition
| Pharisees, Saducees, Essenes |
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Term
| Characteristics of the Pharisees: |
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Definition
| believed in the afterlife, angels, and demons; thought sll 39 books of the Old Testament were divinely inspired; had to be married and employed as a craftsman/manual labor. |
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Term
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Definition
| believed only the Torah to be divinely inspired, did not believe in the afterlife |
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Term
| how many pharisees were there? |
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Definition
| about 6,000; most scribes were Pharisees. |
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Term
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Definition
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| how does one explain the incongruency of the time of Jesus' ministry in the books of Mark and John? |
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Definition
| Jewsih authors were much more concerned with the meaning of what they were writing than chronicity. |
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Term
| what did Robert Gundry say about the gospels? |
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Definition
| two start with his birth (Matthew and Luke) and two start with his ministry. But there is a common theme in all four: 1)Jesus begins in obscurity 2) Gains popularity through miracles 3) He is rejected and it culminates in the cross. |
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Term
| how much of the New Testament is the gospels? |
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Definition
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| wrote the Diatessaron in 160 AD, which was "the harmony of the Gospels"- combined the four narratives into one, correcting certain incongruencies between the four. It was eventually rejected by the church. |
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Definition
| the year the Diatessaron was written by Tatian |
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| objective analysis of scripture; looking at the Gospels as literature |
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Term
| earliest account of Jesus' life that is not in scripture |
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Definition
| Josephus in the 1st century; only says that Jesus lived and preached. |
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Term
| what is the estimated authorship date of the Gospel of Thomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| when was the Gospel of Thomas discovered, and by who? |
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Definition
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Term
| tone of the gospel of thomas |
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Definition
| very gnostic as opposed to the synoptic gospels which have deep semetic undertones |
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Term
| what are the writings not in the canon called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| seeing together, harmony of vision; refers to the similarities between Matthew, Mark, and Luke. |
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Term
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Definition
| looking into the sources that produced similar gospels |
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Term
| how long was the oral tradition thought to have been used before Mark was written down? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| authors of Matthew and Luke had Mark as a source, as well as another source, "Q", for the material common to Matthew and Luke but not to Mark. |
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Term
| how much material is in Matthew and Luke but not in Mark (Q)? |
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Definition
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Term
| how is Q similar to old testament? |
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Definition
| the prophet writings all include the call to the prophet for ministry; in Matthew and Luke, Jesus' prophetic call is his temptation in the dessert. |
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Term
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Definition
| German for source; refers to the material common to Luke and Matthew but not Mark. |
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Term
| What percentage of Mark is in Luke and Matthew? |
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Definition
| 90% in Matthew, 50% in Luke |
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Term
| Four pieces of evidence for the Mark Q theory: |
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Definition
| 1) great detail copied from Mark into the other 2 2) they both follow the same order and sequence of events in Mark 3) when Matthew and Luke agree, they also agree with Mark 4) Mark has terrible grammar and writing style,which Luke and Matthew seem to clean up a bit, which would only be possible if Mark came first |
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Term
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Definition
| B.H. Streeter suggests that there were four documents available to the authors after mark but they each only used three: thus there is Q, Mark, proto-Luke, and Proto-Matthew. |
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Term
| Roman tax gatherers: why were they so hated? |
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Definition
| basically the rats of the romans; because they were Jewish, they knew the deatails of the finances in their communities. The roman empire didn't pay them: they made their livin by overtaxing people and keeping what was left over for themselves. In this way they could become very rich, but at a price paid by taking advantage of their people. |
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Term
| The primative gospel theory (the matthew first theory) |
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Definition
| Matthew Lessing, in 1778, proposed the "gospel of the Nazarines", an aramaic prototype of Matthew that was in circulation before Matthew, Mark, or Luke. |
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Term
| who were the two devlopers of form criticism, and when did they write? |
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Definition
| 1919- martin dibelius; 1921 R. Bultmann. |
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Term
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Definition
| the emphasis on the living Jesus and not getting caught up in the historical accuracy and historical "facts" about who Jesus was; there was truth in the stories, even if they did not physically occur. |
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Term
| How did Bultmann look at the gospels? |
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Definition
| he applied an analytic process of six elements of story to the gospels. |
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Term
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Definition
| self-contained units; Bultmann believed that the gospels circulated as pericopes and were collected together/gathered by the gospel writers |
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Term
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Definition
| literally means "situation of life"- Bultmann argues that we don't know much about Jesus from the gospels, but rather that they show us the situation of life of the early church. He argues that only seven verses in Mark refer to the historical Jesus, and that the rest is the value system of the early church organized by/through stories of Jesus' life |
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Term
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Definition
| an analysis of the early social issues of the church: "an attempt to know the nature and content of the oral tradition by classifying individual sections of the gospels according to literary form and usage in the early church". (Robert Gundry) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bultmann's view that poeple need to take the myth and magic out of reading the gospel- don't take the miracles literally, don't think Jesus actually walked on water. Look for the existential truth in the writings as opposed to remaining attached to historical and physical facts. |
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Term
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Definition
| the analysis of the editorial work of the gospel authors; what did the authors mean by the way they organized the pericopes? |
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Term
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Definition
| the faction of judaism that lived communally, were mystical and ascetic and basically Jewish monks. |
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Term
| hwat was the name of the father of the Maccabean family? His son? |
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Definition
| Matthias the Hasmonean; Judas Maccabee |
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Term
| four reasons for the authenticity of the gospels |
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Definition
| 1)mythologies don't develop that fast 2) The historical details of places, behaviors 3)difficult sayings of Jesus are not ironed out, they are just recorded 4) why would they call him son of man if they were trying to prove his divinity? |
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Term
| significance of "blessed are" |
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Definition
| used frequently in Old Testament books like psalms, instantly recognizable to the Jewish audience |
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Term
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Definition
| "blessed are" followed by the motive clause; Jesus always gives a motive clause becuase Jews believed that God respected their rationality |
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Term
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Definition
| "blessed are" followed by the motive clause; Jesus always gives a motive clause becuase Jews believed that God respected their rationality |
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Term
| one interpretation of "poor in spirit" |
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Definition
| refered to people who were of low socioeconomic status because of their devotion to the Torah; "poor because of the spirit" |
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Term
| kingdom of heaven vs. kingdom of God |
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Definition
| Luke wrote to Gentiles, who had no problem with saying the name of God. Matthew wrote to Jews, to whom the name of God was sacred; therefore Kingdom is just a respectful way to refer to God |
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Term
| definition of "pure" in "pure of heart" |
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Definition
| singleness of focus; "if you want to make progress, you have to realize that your motives are mixed" |
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Term
| how many times does Jesus quote the Law in Matthew 5? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 ways for a Jew to be pious? |
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Definition
| pray, fast, and give alms |
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Term
| what is the invocation of the Lord's Prayer? |
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Definition
| the beginning: "our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name" |
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Term
| what is mentioned twice in the Lords Prayer, for emphasis? |
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Definition
| forgiveness and the need to be forgiven |
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Term
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Definition
| the sin nature needs to be trained through fasting, as a way of training nature into health. |
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Term
| how many times in Matthew 6 did Jesus relate money to anxiety? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Jesus gives permission to discern wisely, as seperate from the commandment in verse one not to judge. Being wise in witnessing to people is not the same thing s judging someone's worthiness to recieve it. |
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Term
| interpretaion of the end of ch. 7 |
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Definition
| the one who obeys the sermon on the mount is ready to weather the storms of life |
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Term
| why is Luke 6: 11 critical? |
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Definition
| because that ineraction is what sets the cross in motion |
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