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| a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds |
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| repeating units that make up polymers, some may also serve their own independent functions |
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| specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions |
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| how monomers are connected and covalently bonded with each other, with the loss of a water molecule; one monomer provides a hydroxyl (-OH) group while the other provides a hydrogen (-H) |
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| polymers are disassembled to monomers through this process, literally means "break with water", adds H2O back to a polymer to split it up |
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| sugars and polymers of sugars |
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| polymer of glucose monomers created by plants to store sugars |
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| polymer of glucose monomers created by animal to store sugars |
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| hydrophobic molecules, not usually large enough to be considered macromolecules |
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| constructed from glycerol and fatty acids |
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| a long carbon skeleton with a carboxyl group at the end; a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with only a reactive carboxyl group at the end |
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| three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule |
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| no double bonds between carbon atoms composing a chain, then many hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to that carbon skeleton, solid at room temperature and found in animals |
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| has one or more double bonds between carbon bonds, causing a natural kink in the carbon skeleton, liquid at room temperature and found in plants |
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| essential for cells, two fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule, the third hydroxyl group of glycerol is joined to a phosphate group; forms cell membranes by making a bilayer structure naturally formed by hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends |
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| lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings, distinguished from each other by chemical side groups attached to the rings |
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| biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure |
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| an organic molecule possessing both an amino and a carboxyl group |
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| covalent bond between two amino acids when one carboxyl group of one is adjacent to the amino group of another, which allows them to bond because of a dehydration molecule |
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| protein structure which is a linked series of amino acids in a unique sequence |
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| proteins folded or coiled due to hydrogen bonds between the repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone |
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| delicate polypeptide coil held by hydrogen bonds between every fourth amino acid |
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| two or more strands of polypeptide chain lying side by side connected by hydrogen bonds between parts of the two parallel polypeptide backbones |
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| overall shape of a polypeptide resulting from various interactions between side chains of various amino acids |
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| overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of polypeptide subunits |
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