Term
| What are the 2 types of cells? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic and Eurkaryotic |
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Term
| ________ compartmentalize the functions of a eurkaryotic cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells differ in size and complexity but what do ALL CELLS HAVE IN COMMON? |
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Definition
1. all are surrounded by a PLASMA MEMBRANE
2. the semifluid in the membrane is the CYTOSOL or CYTOPLASM that contain organelles
3. all contain CHROMOSOMES which have GENES in the form of DNA
4. all have RIBOSOMES (tiny organelles that synthesize proteins) |
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Term
| Name a difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a prokaryotice cell, where is the DNA located? |
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Definition
| the DNA is free-floating in the cytoplasm in the form of a NUCLEOID |
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Term
| Which type of cell is more simple in structure? |
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Definition
| PROKARYOTIC which lacks a nucleus, and other membrane-enclosed organelles of the eukaryotic... |
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Term
| In a eukaryotic cell, where is the DNA (or chromosomes) located? |
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Definition
| chromosomes are contained in the NUCLEUS surrounded by a membranous nuclear envelope that seperates them from the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a EUKARYOTIC cell, what is within the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| a varitey of membrane-bounded organelles of specialized form and function (these organelles are absent in prokaryotes) |
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Term
| Eukaryotic cells are generally much ______ than prokaryotic cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the PLASMA MEMBRANE function as? |
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Definition
| selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes for the whole cell |
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Term
| Larger ogranisms do not have _____ cells than smaller organisms, simply _____ cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a eukaryotic cell, internal membranes partition the cell into what? |
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Definition
compartments
(these membranes also participate in metabolism as many enzymes are built into membranes) |
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Term
| What is the general structure of a biological membrane? |
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Definition
a double layer of phospholipids with other lipids and diverse proteins
(each type of membrane has a unique combination of lipids and proteins for its specific functions) |
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Term
| In a eukarotic cell, what is contained within the nucleus? |
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Definition
| chromosomes or genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The nucleus is seperated from the cytoplasm by a _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where the double membranes are fused, a _____ allows large _____________ to pass though. |
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Definition
| pore, macromolecules and particles |
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Term
| What is the NUCLEAR LAMINA? |
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Definition
| a network of intermediate filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| within the nucleus, the DNA and associated proteins are organized into fibrous material |
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Term
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Definition
| when the cell prepares to divide, the chromatin fibers coil up to be seen as seperate structures |
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Term
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Definition
| a region within the nucleus of densely stained fibers and granules adjoining chromatin |
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Term
| What happens within the nucleolus? |
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Definition
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled with proteins from the cytoplasm to form subunits
(the subunits pass from the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes |
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Term
| The nucleus directs protein synthesis by synthesizing _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do RIBOSOMES contain? |
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Definition
rRAN and protein
(a ribosome is composed of 2 subunits that combine to carry out protein synthesis) |
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Term
| Cell types that synthesize large quantities of proteins have _______ of ribosomes and prominent nucleolus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are FREE ribosomes located? |
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Definition
| they are suspended in the cytosol and synthesize proteins that function within the cytosol |
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Term
| Where are BOUND ribosomes located? |
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Definition
they are attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum
(these synthesize proteins that are either included into membranes or for export from the cell) |
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Term
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Definition
| manufactures membranes including plasma membrane and performs many other biosynthetic functions |
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Term
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Definition
| finishes, sorts, and ships cell products |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have diverse functions in cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) accounts for half the membranes in a EUKARYOTIC cell: |
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Definition
| includes membranous tubules and internal, fluid-filled spaces, the cisternae |
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Term
| What are the 2 regions of the ER? |
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Definition
SMOOTH ER: looks smooth because it lacks ribosomes
ROUGH ER: looks rough because ribosomes (bound ribosomes) are attached to the outside |
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Term
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Definition
rich in enzymes and plays a role in a variety of metabolic processes
(enzymes synthesize lipids, phospholipids, and steroids) |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes in the smooth ER of the liver help detoxify drugs and poisons (alcohol) |
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Term
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Definition
| polypeptide to which an oligosaccharide is attached |
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Term
| Rough ER is also a membrane factory: |
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Definition
| membrane bound proteins are synthesized directly into the membrane |
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Term
| The Golgi apparatus is the center for _______, _______, _______, and ______ puts them into ______. |
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Definition
manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping, transport vesicles
(the golgi is especially extensive in cells specialized for secretion) |
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Term
| The golgi apparatus consists of __________ looking like a sac of pita bread. |
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Definition
| flattened membranous sacs (cisternae) |
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Term
| The membrane of each cisterna separates its internal space from cytosol: |
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Definition
the CIS side of the golgi receives material by fusing with vesicles.
the TRANS side buds off vesicles that travel to other sites |
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Term
| the Golgi can also manufcature its own what? |
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Definition
| macrmolecules, including pectin and other noncellulose polypectides |
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