Term
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Definition
- Can infect and set in motion the genetic takeover of bacteria
- Have the most complex capsids
- Elongated head and protein tail pieces that injects the DNA inside |
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Term
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Definition
- Not cells
- Small infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat and membranous envelope (occasionally) |
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Term
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Definition
| - May consists of either double- or single-stranded DNA or RNA |
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Term
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Definition
- Protein shell that encloses viral genome
- Built from subunits called capsomeres
- Can have various structures |
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Term
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Definition
- Membranous envelopes to help infect hosts
- Glycoproteins bind to specific receptor molecules on the cell surface
- In influenza viruses among others
- Derived from the host cells' membrane, contain viral and host molecules |
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Term
Host range
Obligate intracellular parasites |
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Definition
- Limited number of host cells that it can infect
- Can reproduce only within a host cell |
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Term
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Definition
- Once viral genome is inside, cell begins to manufacture viral proteins
- Nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres spontaneously assemble into new viruses |
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Term
Lytic cycle
Virulent Phage |
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Definition
- Repro cycle that results in host cell death
- Digests host's cell wall releasing progeny |
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Term
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Definition
- Replicates phage genome without destroying host
- Viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell's chromosome
- Environmental signal can trigger lytic mode |
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Term
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Definition
| Use both the lytic and lysogenic cycles |
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Term
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Definition
Def: Use reverse transciptase to copy their RNA into DNA
- Viral DNA is integrated into the host genome
- Provirus is permanent resident of host cell (unlike prophage) |
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Term
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Definition
Smaller, less complex entities also cause disease in animals and plants, respectively
P - slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain disease in mammals
- Propagate by converting normal proteins into prions
V - circular RNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt growth |
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Term
| Viral diseases in animals |
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Definition
- Damage or kill cells by causing release of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes
- Can cause cells to produce toxins that lead to disease symptoms
- Others have envelope proteins that are toxic |
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Term
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Definition
Def: harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen
- Can prevent certain viral illnesses |
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Term
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Definition
| More than 2,000 types of viral diseases of plants are known to cause spots on leaves and fruits, stunted growth and damaged flowers/roots |
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