Term
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Definition
| A change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA |
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Term
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Definition
- Viruses that infect bacteria
- Only DNA of the phage enters the bacteria during infection, not the protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Polymer of nucleotides, each consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| In any species there are an equal number of A and T bases (Adenine and Thymine) and equal G and C bases (Guanine and Cytosine) |
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Term
| How are the bases paired? Name and structural type |
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Definition
Adenine to Thymine
Guanine to Cytosine
Purine to Pyrimidine |
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Term
DNA replication:
Semiconservative
Conservative
Dispersive |
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Definition
Semi - Each daughter molecule is half of the old molecule and half newly made strand*
Conservative - the two parent strands rejoin
Dispersive - each new strand is a mix of old and new |
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Term
| Origins of replication (def) |
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Definition
- Special sites where the two DNA strands are separated, opening upa replication "bubble"
- Eukaryotic chromosome may have hundreds or thousands of origins of replication
- Replication proceeds in both directions with the simultaneously expanding sides of the bubble |
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Term
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Definition
| Y-shaped regions at the "ends" of the bubbles, where DNA strands are elongating |
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Term
Enzymes:
Helicases
Single strand binding protein
Topoisomerase |
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Definition
Heli - enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks
Binding - binds to and stabilizes single-strand DNA until it is used as a template
Topo - corrects "overwindign" ahead of the replication fork |
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Term
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Definition
- Initial short nucleotide strand to start replication
- DNA polymerases cannot initiate synthesis of a polynucleotide; can only add nucleotides to the 3' end |
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Term
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Definition
An enzyme that can start an RNA chain from scratch and adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template
- The primer is short (5–10 nucleotides long), and the 3end serves as the starting point for the new DNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
- Catalyze the elongation of new DNA at the replication fork
- Most require a primer and a DNA template
- Rate of elongation is about 500 nucleotides per second in bacteria and 50 per second in human cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Series of segments making up the lagging strand
-Segments are joined together by DNA ligase |
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Term
| Replication proteins and their functions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecules have at their ends nucleotide sequences
- Telomeres do not prevent the shortening of DNA molecules, but they do postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
- Proteins responsible for the first level of DNA packaging in chromatin
- 10 nm fiber: DNA winds around histones to form nucleosome "beads"
- 30 nm: Interactions between nucleosomes cause the thein fiber to coil or fold into this thicker fiber
- 300 nm: 30 nm fiber forms looped domains that attach to proteins
- Looped domains coild further, chromatin length is 700 nm |
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