Term
| What are the four factors to description evaluation? |
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Definition
| Location, size, color, and shape |
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Term
| Describe the lid's skin anatomy in relation to clinical presentations |
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Definition
| thin and elastic --> responds quickly to inflammation and edema, also easily distended by fluid/edema |
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Term
| Describe the lid's subcutaneous anatomy in relation to its clinical presentation |
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Definition
| loose connective tissue --> can easily accumulate fluid and blood during an inflammation or trauma |
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Term
| What consists of the submuscluar portion of the lids? |
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Definition
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Term
| what consists of the fibrous portion of the lids? |
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Definition
| tarsal plates and orbital septum |
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Term
| what are the muscles related to the lids? |
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Definition
Mueller's Muscle: symp innervation, responsible for lid elevation
Levator:CN III innervation, responsible for lid elevation
Orbicularis muscle: CN VII innervation, responsible for lid closure |
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Term
| What are the glands of the lids? |
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Definition
Meibomian: secretes sebaceous/oil, prevents tear evaporation, lipid secretion, located on upper and lower tarsus
Zeiss: secretes sebaceous/oil, lubricates the lashes, lipid secretion, located at the lid margin
Moll: secretes sweat, opens onto margin, lubricates lashes, lipid secreation, at the root of lashes |
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Term
| What are the normal sizes of the lid aperture? |
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Definition
| 30mm horizontal, 10mm vertical w/ upper lid ~ 2 mm below the limbus and lower lid ~ 1 mm above the limbus |
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Term
| What is a coloboma and why does it occur? |
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Definition
| incomplete closure of the lid at ~ 8-10 weeks of gestation, usually upper lid, smooth = not trauma related |
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Term
| What are associated findings w/ coloboma? Mx/Tx? |
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Definition
Sever dry eye due to exposure keratopathy
manage w/ topical lubricants and/or surgery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe congential ptosis |
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Definition
| incomplete differentiation of levator, no lid crease, superior rectus dysfx, lagophthalmos on downgaze |
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Term
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Definition
lid crease
neurogenic = CNIII (blown pupil, eye down and out) or horners (miosis)
Myogenic = MG, myotonic dystrophy
Trauma = post surgical and c/l wearers
mechanical = tumors, vernal conjunctivitis |
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Term
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Definition
lid turned out, usually lower lid
types: involutional, cicatrical, paralytic (Bell's), congenital |
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Term
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Definition
lid turned in
Types: congenital, involutional, cicatrial, spastic |
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Term
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Definition
| corneal irritation due to lashes turned in (NOT LIDS!!!) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the eyelids |
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Term
| describe the overall presentation of blepharitis |
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Definition
lids, lashes, tears affected
collarettes or scales around the lash base
rosettes = dilated blood vessels
oily lashes
thickend lid margins
erythema, warmth, debris in tears, dry eyes, irritation |
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Term
| What are the some types of blepharitis? |
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Definition
staphylococcal blepharitis = anterior
meibomianitis = posterior
seborrheic blepharitis = anterior
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Term
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Definition
| serous or fluid cyst of glad of Moll |
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Term
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Definition
"cheesy" cyst, elevated mass filled w caseous material
Types: milia = small, subcutaneous = large |
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Term
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Definition
"sty" = painful!
erythema, warm, and tender
internal = meibomian glands
external = zeiss/moll glands (slight ptosis ) |
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Term
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Definition
chronic infection/hordeolum --> hard mass
not tender |
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Term
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Definition
yellow raised plaque like lesions (lipid)
check patient's cholesterol level! |
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Term
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Definition
related to viral pox --> may spread like viral conjunctivitis
elevated, round, pearly, umbilicated w/ cheesy central core |
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Term
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Definition
viral worts = most common benign lid tumor (papilloma)
Types: vulgaris = raised, umbilicated, grapelike
digitata = finger like, narrow stalk
plana: cauliflower like, flat, slightly raised |
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Term
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Definition
benign epithelial growth
types: sessile = flat/broad based
pedunculated = narrow based |
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Term
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Definition
| plaque like lesions, occurs in the elderly |
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Term
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Definition
| pearly indurated growth w/ telangiectatic (chronic dilation) blood vessels w/ central umbilication, common in pts w/ excessive sun exposure, usually on lower lid and older fair skinned pts |
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Term
| sebaceous gland carcinoma |
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Definition
| malignant tumor, maybe meibomian or Zeiss, madarosis = bad sign for malignancy (also means NOT chalazion or hordeolum) |
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Term
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Definition
malignant --> may lead to removal of eye
Asymmetric
Border irregular
Color is varied
Diameter >6mm
warning: growth and/or bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
DOES NOT RESPECT MIDLINE
on lid and conj, can affect both top and bottom
reoccurance --> blindness |
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Term
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Definition
RESPECTS MIDLINE
diffuse inflammation, edema, erythema
reactivation prob due to severe immune decrease (maybe HIV or AIDS)
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Term
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Definition
| "black eye", trauma related, color may change as bleeding recedes (old vs. new blood) |
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Term
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Definition
bulging of the eye
exophthalmometry = method of objectively measureing how much the eyes are bulging out, if greater than or equal to 3mm --> problem
Possible causes: Graves disease, axial myopia, tumor, fibroid disease |
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Term
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Definition
edema and hyperemia in front of the orbital septum --> not as bad as it looks
anterior structures involved due to infection --> warm, swollen, ptotic, erythemic, painful, tender, edema, chemosis of conj
sty/hordeolum most common cause
can turn into orbital = VERY BAD |
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Term
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Definition
behind the septum
etiology: sinusitis, infection, trauma, tumor
because it is so close to the brain = medical emergency!
symptoms: same as preseptal but also include diplopia, EOM restriction, proptosis |
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