Term
| What form of government is best? |
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Definition
| A republican government - less people have the right to exercise power (than in a democracy). No one is above or below the law, thus, law has the most authority. It ensures peace as it is molds the concepts of justice and order; this focus on principles and norms is valued internationally through a sociological process in which countries understand they share common values, respect each other, and cooperate. Division of power in republicanism is best. Power to make and administer laws are separated. |
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Term
| How can we achieve peace? |
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Definition
- stop making treaties after wars with provisions for future wars
- stop trading countries. Governments rule by contract with its own people, so trading countries, is trading people, denying people the right to govern themselves.
- get rid of standing armies - if everyone gets rid of their standing armies, no one needs to defend themselves from anything. Others assume that you are preparing for an invasion, and sort of arms race ensues.
- stop borrowing money for foreign policy - it all goes to military, and the debt leads to taxing, leader to resentful citizens
- No having military involved in other governments or constitutions
- In wars, fight honorably (no spies, poisoning, assassins) |
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Term
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Definition
- Republican government (brings hesitation towards war)
- countries should band together and form a constitution to form a league. This makes them agree to laws beforehand, preventing future wars. This doesn't limit the countries's sovereignty.
- Treat foreigners with hospitality |
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Term
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Definition
Natural processes of rational thinking lead us to eventually chose the steps that lead to peace.
Kant’s vision accommodated sovereign states, but argued that democratic government, economic interdependence and international law could provide means of overcoming the security dilemma in the international system. |
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Term
| What are constraints on war (besides power ratio, alliances, distance, and size)? |
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Definition
- Democracies do not attack other democracies
- Economically important trades is an incentive for cooperation
- International organizations can constrain decisions to fight |
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Term
| How important is the role of organizations? |
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Definition
| - International organizations may mediate conflict, reduce uncertainty, expand member’s material interests to more long-term, shape norms and generate narratives of mutual identification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many states and organizations |
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Term
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Definition
| Many, and they are not predetermined (hard issues and soft issues) |
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Term
| International organizations? |
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Definition
| Help cooperation, create and establish norm, are forums, mutual interests, socialization. Institutions guarantee cooperation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Objective, but we can overcome anarchy's forces |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Liberals see humans as moral, neoliberals as selfish. Liberals believe perpetual peace is attainable, but neoliberals believe only cooperation is. Neoliberals believe states do what is most rational to them, but they cooperate. |
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Term
| How do institutions aid cooperation? |
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Definition
- transparency, communication, reducing distrust
- helps assure that norms are followed
- put costs on those who deviate from norms
- reduces costs of cooperation
- ties together common interests
- helps assures positive shadow of the future |
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