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| the study of the structure of the Earth or another planet, especially its rocks, soil, and minerals, and its history and origin |
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| a naturally occurring material, e.g. coal or wood, that can be exploited by people |
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| A natural hazard[1] is a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on people or the environment. Many natural hazards are interrelated, e.g. earthquakes can cause tsunamis and drought can lead directly to famine. A concrete example of the division between a natural hazard and a natural disaster is that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a disaster, whereas earthquakes are a hazard. |
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| a pipe or channel for moving water to a lower level, often across a great distance |
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| water held underground in soil or permeable rock, often feeding springs and wells |
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| a natural embankment alongside a river, formed by sediment during times of flooding |
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[image]
A topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. |
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| a line on a map connecting points on a land surface that are the same elevation above sea level |
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| the interval between contour lines on a map, or the altitude the interval represents |
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| A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show geological features. Rock units or geologic strata are shown by color or symbols to indicate where they are exposed at the surface. Bedding planes and structural features such as faults, folds, foliations, and lineations are shown with strike and dip or trend and plunge symbols which give these features' three-dimensional orientations |
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| a system of measurement based on a series of marks laid down at regular intervals and representing numerical values |
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