Term
| 1. Identify sources of lab errors and reasons of specimen rejection. |
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Definition
Unusual or unexpected lab values are most commonly due to “lab error.”
Lab error is common, but not because of lab mistakes
Spurious results must be repeated, tested by other lab tests or by other testing modalities
Pre-analysis stage is a major source of errors and variables.
Patient-related Sources: diet, age, sex, etc.
Specimen Related Sources:
collection and labeling
preservatives and anticoagulants
transport, processing, storage.
Reasons for Specimen Rejection:
Hemolysis/lipemia
Clots
Nonfasting specimen when test requires fasting
Improper blood collection tube
Short draws, wrong volume
Improper transport conditions (ice for blood gases)
Discrepancies between requisition and specimen label
Unlabeled or mislabeled specimen
Contaminated specimen/leaking contain |
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Term
| 2. CMP – Complete (Comprehensive) Metabolic Panel contains? |
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Definition
Venous serum
Examines overall body metabolism:
Kidney function
Acid/base balance
Blood sugar
Electrolytes
Liver function |
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Term
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Definition
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
Total protein
Albumin |
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Term
| Liver Function Tests (LFT)??? |
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Definition
ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
Albumin
Total protein
Bilirubin
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase)
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
PT (prothrombin time) |
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Term
| Explain the significances and testing of C-reactive protein and serum proteins? |
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Definition
Measure of acute phase reactant present in inflammation (caused by infection)
Also measures risk of atherosclerosis (hsCRP)
False elevations
Obesity
After major trauma
Estrogen replacement therapy |
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Term
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Definition
Made primarily in liver
Creates osmotic pressure (Help pinpoints cause of edema)
Carries medicines and substances in blood via binding
Important in tissue growth and healing
Abnormal levels indicate
Nutrition problems
Liver and kidney abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
Made in liver and cells in the immune system
Some bind with hemoglobin; others transport metals
Help fight infection
Abnormalities indicate:
immune deficiencies
certain diseases in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the probability of a positive result in a person with the disease (true-positive rate). |
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Term
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Definition
is the probability of a negative result in a person without disease (true-negative rate).
Screening tests require high sensitivity; confirmatory tests require high specificity. |
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