Term
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Definition
| no nucleus, lack most organelles, are single cells |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleated, larger, have organelles, single & multicellular |
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Term
| Prokaryotic cell arrangement |
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Definition
cell division along one plane:
-cells in pairs = diplo
-cells in chains = strepto
- cells in grapelike clusters = staphylo
-cell division occurs by binary fission, not mitosis or meiosis |
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Term
| Bacterial cells consist of the following |
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Definition
1. A cell membrane, usually surrounded by a cell wall
2. An internal cytoplasm with ribosomes, a nuclear region [nucleoid], and sometimes vesicles/vacuoles [storage].
3. External structures: capsule/slime layer, flagella/cilia, and pili |
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Term
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Definition
-Maintains ther characteristic shape of the cell
- prevents cell from bursting when fluids flow into cell [osmosis]
- Very porous, not responsible for selective permeability |
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Term
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Definition
1. Peptidoglycan - most important component in bacterial cell walls.
*Can be thought of as one huge covalently linked polymer, looks like 3D chain-linked fence.
2. Teichoic acid molecules project out of the cell wall in Gram-positive (G+) bacteria.
G+ bacteria have a thick cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
Contains digestive enzymes and transport proteins.
-Food and potentially harmful substances are digested then transported into the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
lipid + protein.
- usually found in G- bacteria. |
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Term
| Lipopolycassharides [endotoxin] |
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Definition
pieces of the membrane are released when cells die (lyse), & during cell division.
- Causes fever and dialates blood vessels [causing low blood pressure]
*Antibiotics given late in an infection may cause a worsening of symptions, even death. |
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Term
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Definition
-Up to 90% Peptidoglycan [PTG]
- Lack an outer membrane and periplasmic space
-Thick cell wall holds Gram stain, leaving cells purple [crystal violet] |
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Term
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Definition
- Up to 20% PTG
- Have outer membrane and periplasmic space
-Thin cell wall doesn't hold crystam violet. |
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Term
| Bacteria that do not have cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme found in tears, digests PTG and is primary defense against bacteria in human eye |
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Term
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Definition
-hydrophilic head [polar]
-hydrophobic tail [nonpolar] |
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Term
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Definition
| Act as receptors for chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| Selectively transport materials across cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Help synthesize cell wall, replicate DNA, and generate ATP |
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Term
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Definition
Protein form channels through cell membrane
2 major classes:
1. Lead-open all teh time
2. Gated-open in response to specific environmental stimuli |
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