Term
| What is the hierarchy of Structural Organization? |
|
Definition
| Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the structure of the human body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomical terminology based on? WHy? |
|
Definition
| Ancient greek or latin. Provides standard nomenclature worldwide |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of anatomy? |
|
Definition
Gross- visable to naked eye (muscles bones organs)
Microscopic (histology)
Developmental (embryology)
Functional morphoplogy (correlate form with specific function) |
|
|
Term
| What are the elements of life? Macromolecules? |
|
Definition
| C,H, O, N, S, Ca, P/ Carbohydrates, Proteins, fats (lipids), and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| First level of Structural organization? |
|
Definition
| Chemical level- atoms form molecules |
|
|
Term
| 2nd level of Structural organization? |
|
Definition
| Cellular level- cells and their functional subunits, organelles perform specific cell functions |
|
|
Term
| 3rd level of Structural organization? |
|
Definition
| Tissue level- collections of 2 or more cell types that perform a common function |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 tissue types? |
|
Definition
| epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle |
|
|
Term
| 4th level of Structural organization? |
|
Definition
| Organ level- a discrete structure made up of more than one tissue |
|
|
Term
| 5th level of Structural organization? |
|
Definition
| Organ system- organs work together for a common purpose |
|
|
Term
| 6th level of Structural organization? |
|
Definition
| Organism- the result of all simpler levels working in unison |
|
|
Term
| How many cells in the human body? How many identified types? |
|
Definition
Over 100 trillion cells,
252 types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carry out all processes necessary for survival of the cell plus each cell must perform specific functions required for survival of organism |
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does differentiation occur from? |
|
Definition
| Results from altered gene expression in response to locally produced molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two categories of stem cells: |
|
Definition
Embryonic- pleuripotent (can become any cell type)
Tissue Specific- partially specialized, found in many adult tissues |
|
|
Term
| What are some tissue engineering accomplishments using stem cells |
|
Definition
-skin patches on burn
-lab grown cartilage grafts
-urinary bladders
-nerve regeneration
-progress in complex organs like liver and pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collection of organs that work together to accomplish a particular task. |
|
|
Term
| How many organ systems are there? What are they? |
|
Definition
10 (or 11).
Cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, skeletal, muscular, immune/lymphatic, urinary, integument, endocrine, reproductive. |
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomical posistion> |
|
Definition
a common visual reference point.
-stands with feet together eyes forward
palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Names of specific body areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the main axis of the body (head, neck, and trunk) |
|
|
Term
| Appendicular region refers to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term meaning towards the head or upper part of a structure or body? (Above) |
|
Definition
Superior (cranial)
~The head is superior to the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| What is the term meaning away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or body (below)? |
|
Definition
Inferior (caudal)
~The naval is inferior to the chin |
|
|
Term
| What is the term meaning toward the front of the body: in front of? |
|
Definition
Anterior (ventral)
~The breast bone is anterior to the spine |
|
|
Term
| What is the term meaning toward the back of the body; behind? |
|
Definition
Posterior (dorsal)
~The heart is posterior to the breastbone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toward the midline of body, on the inner side of
~The heart is medial to the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.
~The arms are lateral to the chest |
|
|
Term
| What does intermediate mean? |
|
Definition
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
~Collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachemnt of a limb to the body trunk.
~The elbow is proximal to the wrist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
~THe knee is distal to the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What does superficial (external) mean> |
|
Definition
toward the surface of body
~the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| What does deep (internal) mean? |
|
Definition
away from the body surface
~THE lungs are deep to the skin |
|
|
Term
| Which plane lies vertically and divides body into anterior and posterior parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which plane lies vertical in the midline and is specific sagittal plane? |
|
Definition
| Median (midsagittal) plane |
|
|
Term
| Which plane runs horizontally- dividing th body into superior and inferior parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
