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| The systematic design, collection, interpretation, and reporting of information to help marketers solve specific marketing problems or take advantage of marketing opportunities |
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| An overall plan for obtaining the information needed to address a research problem or issue |
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| Research conducted to gather more information about a problem or to make a tentaive hypothesis more specific |
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| Small groups of actual customers who serve as sounding boards for new-product ideas and offer insights into their feelings and attitudes toward a firm's products and other elements of its marketing |
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| An interview that is often conducted informally, without a structured questionnaire, in small groups of 8-12 people, to observe interaction when members are exposed to an idea or a concept |
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| Research designed to verify insights through objective procedures and to help marketers in making decisions |
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| Research conducted to clarify the characteristics of certain phenomena to solve a particular problem |
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| Research that allows marketers to make casual inferences about relationships |
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| The process of dividing a total market into groups with relatively similar product needs to design a marketing mix that matches those needs |
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| The systematic design, collection, interpretation, and reporting of information to help maketers solve specific marketing problems or take advantage of marketing opportunities |
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| A research method in which respondents answer a questionnaire sent through the mail |
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| The process of selecting representative units from a total population |
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| A type of sampling in which every element in the population being studied has a known chance of being selected for study |
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| A form of probability sampling in which all units in a population have an equal chance of appearing in the sample, and the various events that can occur have an equal or known chance of taking place |
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| A type of probability samplling in which the population is divided into groups with a common attribute and a random sample is chosen withing each group |
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| A sampling technique in which there is no way to calculate the likelihood that a specific element of the population being studied will be chosen |
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| A nonprobability sampling technique in which researchers divide the population into groups and then arbitrarily choose participants from each group |
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| A research method in which respondents answer a questionnaire sent through the mail |
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| A research method in which respondents' answers to a questionnaire are recorded by an interviewer on the phone |
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| An interview that combines the traditional focus group's ability to probe with the confidentiality provided by telephone surveys |
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| Telephone depth interview |
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| A research method in which participatns respond to survey questions face-to-face |
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| Personal interview survey |
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| A personal interview that takes place in the respondent's home |
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| In-home (door-to-door) interview |
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| A research method that involves interviewing a percentage of individuals passing by "intercept" points in a mall |
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| Shopping mall intercept interviews |
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| A variation of the shopping mall intercept interview in which respondents complete a self-administered questionnaire displayed on a computer monitor |
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| On-site computer interview |
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| A research method in which respondents answer a questionnaire via e-mail or on a website |
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| combines the words crowd and outsourcing and calls for taking tasks usually performed by a marketer or researcher and outsourcing them to a crowd, or potential market, through an open call |
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| Analysis of what is typical and what deviates from the average |
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| Statistical interpretation |
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| A collection of information arranged for easy access and retrieval |
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| Customized computer software that aids marketing managers in decision making |
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| Marketing decision support system (MDSS) |
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| A framework for managing and structuring information gathered regularly from sources inside and outside the organization |
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| Marketing infomration system (MIS) |
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| Purchasers and household members who intend to consume or benefit from the purchased products and do not buy products to make profits or serve an organizational need |
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| Individuals or groups who purchase a specific kind of product for resale direct use in producing other products, or use in general daily operations |
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the process of dividing a total market into groups with relatively similar product needs to design a marketing mix that matches those needs |
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a market in which a large proportion of customers have similar needs for a product |
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A market made up of individuals or organizations with diverse needs for products in a specific product class |
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A market segmentation strategy in which an organization targets a single market segment using one marketing mix |
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Concentrated targeting strategy |
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A strategy in which an organization targets two or more segments by developing a marketing mix for each segment |
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Differentiated targeting strategy |
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| A strategy in which an organization designs a single marketing mix and direts it at the entire market for a particular product |
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| Undifferentiated targeting strategy |
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| Characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations used to divide a market into segments |
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| Creating and maintaining a certain concept of a product in customers' minds |
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| The amount of a proudct a company expects to sell during a specfic period at a specified level of marketing activities |
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| Sales forecasts prepared by experts outside the firm, such as economists, management consultants, advertising executives, or college professors |
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| Expert forecasting survey |
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| A procedure in which experts create initial forecasts, submit them to the company for averaging, and then refine the forecasts |
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| The decision processes and actions of people involved in buying and using products |
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| An unplanned buying behavior resulting from a powerful urge to buy something immediately |
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| A buyer's doubts shortly after a purchase about whether the decision was the right one |
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| Influences that result from circumstances, time and location that affect the consumer buying decision process |
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| Factors that in part determine people's general behavior, thus influencing their behavior as consumers |
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| The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information inputs to produce meaning |
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| Sensations received through sight, taste, hearing, smell and touch |
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| The process by which some inputs are selected to reach awareness and others are not |
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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| Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization |
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| A set of internal traits and distinct behavioral tendencies that result in consistent patterns of behavior in certain situations |
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| Organizations with charitable, educational, community, or other nonbusiness goals |
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| A measure of the sensitivity of demand to changes in price |
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| Price elasticity of demand |
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| A shift in price causes an opposite change in total revenue (an increase in price will decrease total revenue) |
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| results in a change in the same direction as total revenue (an increase in price will increase total revenue) |
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| An organization's decision to use only one supplier |
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| An organization's decision to use several suppliers |
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The market value of a nation’s total output of goods and services for a given period; an overall measure of economic standing |
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GDP (gross domestic product) |
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a duty levied by a nation on goods bought outside its borders and brought into the country |
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| The difference in value between a nation's exports and its imports |
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| sociocultural; economic; political, legal and regulatory; ethical and social responsibilty, competitive; technological |
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An alliance that merges Canada, Mexico and the United States into a single market |
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
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Selling products at unfairly low prices |
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| An arrangement in which a supplier )franchiser) grants a dealer (franchisee) the right to sell products in exchange for some type of consideration |
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| The development of marketing strategies that treat the entire world (or its major regions) as a single entity |
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| Data observed and recorded or collected directly from respondents |
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| Data compiled both inside and outside the organization for some purpose other than the current investigation |
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| A condition that exists when a research eother measures what it is supposed to measure |
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| A condition that exists when a research technique produces almost identical results in repeated trials |
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| All the elements, units, or idividuals of interest to research for a speific study |
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| Analysis of what is typical and what deviates from the average |
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| Statistical interpretation |
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| Measureing company sales potential by estimateing how much of a product a potential buyer in a specific geographic area will purchase in a given period, multiplying the estimate by the number of potential buyers, and adding the totals of all the geographic areas considered |
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| An internal energizing force that directs a person's behavior toward satisfying needs or achieving goals |
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| A perception or view of oneself |
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| A member of an informal group who provides information about a specific topic to other group members |
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| An open group of individuals with similar social rank |
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