Term
| What are the four types of tissue? |
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Definition
| Connective tissue (connect), muscle tissue (contract), epithelial tissue (cover), and nervous tissue (conduct) |
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Term
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Definition
| primary function is to line and cover stuff, individual cells are packed tightly together to form a selective barrier |
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Term
| Characteristics of epithelial tissue: |
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Definition
| cellularity (minimal ECF/ECM), polarity (apical and basal layers), avascularity (nutrients come from CT), innervation (nerve endings for sensation), and regeneration (cells regenerate *very* quickly) |
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Term
| What are the four types of intercellular junctions? |
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Definition
| tight junctions, adhering junctions,desmosomes, and gap junctions |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous sealed plasma membranes near the apical surface (forces materials to move through cells rather than between) |
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Term
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Definition
| typically located deep to tight junctions, completely encircles the cell immediately adjacent to all of it's neighbors (entire length of cell, rather than just the top) |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide resistance at a single stress point, not entire cell |
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Term
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Definition
| direct passageways for small molecules to pass between cells--not for support, but transport |
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Term
| How to name epithelial tissue |
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Definition
| simple vs stratified (1 or 2+ layers of cells) or pseduostratified (appear 2 layered but are 1); then squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube), or columnar (rectangle). Also, transitional epithelial tissue is differently classified because it changes shapes/layers |
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Term
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Definition
| hair like modifications found on apical surface; cilia are motile (move stuff like mucus around) and microvilli increase the surface area of the cell (e.g., in the kidney tubules and small intestine) |
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Term
| Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
| Functions: diffusion and filtration; Locations: lung air sacs (aveoli), lining of capillaries, and serous membrane (allows diffusion well because so thin) |
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Term
| Simple Cubodial Epithelium |
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Definition
| Functions: absorption and secretion |
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Term
| Simple Columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| functions: absorption & secretion, but also movement (cilia attached) |
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Term
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
Function: Protection (it's strong); skin is good example
Locations: areas in need of protection--lining of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, vagina (intercourse/birth), Anus, and keratinized epidermis of the skin |
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Term
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium |
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Definition
| Functions: protection and movement (cilia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Functions: distension and relaxation of urinary structures (need to be able to change shape); Locations: ureters, bladder, and urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| ducts secrete material onto an epithelial tissue surface (e.g., sweat on skin) via ducts (merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine--biggest difs are in how secretions are released) |
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Term
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Definition
| ductless, cells secrete products into interstitial fluid and blood stream (i.e., hormones) |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete by decapitation; mammary and apocrine sweat glands (thick sweat); more proteins and lipids, so thick sweat |
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Term
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Definition
| Entire cell disintergrates (substance comes out with all of cell materials); sebaceous glands; oils |
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Term
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Definition
| release substances in vesicles, lacrimal, salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and eccrine sweat glands; very watery |
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Term
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Definition
| stem cell that all connective tissues come from |
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Term
| What are the four divisions of connective tissue? |
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Definition
| Connective tissue proper (loose and dense), bone and cartilage (supporting connective tissue, and blood (fluid connecting tissue) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Connective Tissue? |
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Definition
cells are not tightly packed and have a wide variety (fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteocytes, erythrocytes, etc.)--not in direct contact, float in ECM.
ECM: ground substance and protein fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular (branched between two)) |
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Term
| Connective Tissue Proper--Loose connective tissue |
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Definition
| spaced, e.g.s--areolar (surrounding vessels, nerves, etc.), adipose (subcutaneous layer and surrounding organs), and reticular (inside lymphatic organs, supporting tissue that surrounds organs) |
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Term
| CTP--Dense Connective Tissue |
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Definition
| more densely packed, e.g.s--regular (tendons and ligaments--all neatly lined parallel); irregular (dermis of the skin--erratic, strong in many directions, but no ultimate in any); elastic (walls of arteries--flexible) |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by Vit C deficiency--where normal collagen fibers cannot form--teeth and eye lenses fall out, wounds won't heal, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Joints are very flexible and weak, heart too weak, die around 50. Genetic disease, abnormalities in cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissues start to decompose while still alive, creating a toxic environment: dry gangrene, wet gangrene (covered in pus) and gas gangrene (bubbling up toxicity) |
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