What things must a journalist make sure to include in an article?

The 5 W's:

1) Who

2) What

3) Where

4)When

5) Why

The 1 H: How

What is the best way to get answers for an article involving a person/ people?

Why is it important to know how to conduct an interview with the proper techniques?

What is it important to know regarding censorship?

Why is an interview more than just wanting to talk to someone?

What are the things a reporter must always remember in an interview?

1) Be on time

2) Be courteous

3) Be friendly

4) Be prepared

5) Read the body language of the person

6) Avoid interrupting

7) Take notes so it is not obvious to everyone

8) Thank the person

What does being on time do?

What does it mean to "be courteous"?

Why should you "be friendly"?

What does "be prepared" mean?

1) Know all the background information on the person: what they're like, their accomplishments

2) Know what questions you want to ask: the questions to ask, not to ask

3) Have your questions and pen and paper ready

4) Be prepared for anything that might happen: person going off on a tangent, or not wanting to talk, different personalities, time constraints

5) Have everything ready well before deadline

6) Set up an appointment to speak with the person privately: call ahead of time and ask the person or representative if they will grant an interview and set up date and time

What happens if you are prepared?

Why is it important to be able to read the body language of the person?

Why should you avoid interrupting the person you are interviewing?

1) Shows that you aren't listening to their answers because you are too busy thinking about what they're going to say next

2) Person might start to feel uncomfortable with you and not give you as open of an interview

3) It is unprofessional and bad manners

What does it mean to take notes so it is not obvious?

1) Place paper in a spot that is convenient for you to take notes, but isn't obvious to everyone around you and look at notes without looking like you are reading all the questions

2) Don't put your pen and paper in front of your face

3) Don't try to copy every word: only what is needed for the article and any quotes you plan to use word for word

Why do you need to take notes so it isn't obvious?

1) Want to look comfortable and like you know what you are going to say

2) Want the person to feel comfortable, at ease, and trust you and taking notes subtly will accomplish this

Why is it important to thank the person?

1) Makes them feel good about you and your professionalism

2) Gives the impression you were glad to get the interview

What is the most important point?

What is the most important thing to remember before and after an interview?

What is the first thing you must do when preparing for an interview?

What does brainstorming entail?

1) Brainstorm all questions you might want to ask making sure to answer the 5 W's and the 1 H and keeping in mind what the public would want to know

2) Know what they have said in other interviews and their background

What should you think about the most when  coming up with interview questions?

What should you do when meeting the person you are going to interview?

What does it mean to "be friendly?"

Tips for the actual interview?

1) Try to chat with the person a bit before the actual interview to build up a warm rapport

2) Start out with the easy questions and once they are comfortable and opening up to you ask the more personal questions; ease into it and build the relationship so they are comfortable sharing

What should you do in a question-and-answer interview with one person and several reporters?

1) Think quickly and ask the question no one else is asking

2) Be assertive and be able to be noticed (not timid) so that when you raise your hand you are chosen to ask your question

3) Don't be rude

What should you do if interviewing a very busy politician in a short amount of time?

1) Don't have time to sit down and build a friendly rapport

2) Be prepared and professional with thought-provoking questions that you could ask quickly and get answers to efficiently

What are the ways to use an interview in an article?

1) Question-and-answer: write the questions you asked and the answers you received

2) Weave an interview into the article

What do you need to remember to do when using an interview in an article?

When should you weave the interview into an article?

When should you use the question-and-answer format for an article?

CENSORSHIP

Does a principal have the right to ban an article, say on teenage pregnancy? 

TINKER V. DES MOINES

What occured in the Tinker v. Des Moines case?

What precedent did the Tinker v. Des Moines case establish?

Tinker standard

1) Every school newspaper must follow the three basic tenets of scholastic journalism

2) Must show that censorship is based on a reasonable forecast of substantial disruption of school activities or an invasion of the rights of others

What are the three tenets of scholastic journalism that every school newspaper must follow?

1) Student expression cannot be obscene: offensive or disgusting

2) Could not be libelous: false or would ruin someone's reputation or expose them to hatred and ridicule

3) Cannot disrupt the school day

What happens if one of the tenets of scholastic journalism (according to Tinker v. Des Moines) is not met?

What are the two landmark court cases in censorship of high school newspapers?

1) Tinker v. Des Moines

2) Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

HAZELWOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT V. KUHLMEIER

What occurred in the Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier case?

What precedent did the Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier set?

1) Established that the principal is the publisher for the school newspaper and has final say over what can and cannot be printed

2) Hazelwood standard

THE HAZELWOOD STANDARD

THE TINKER STANDARD

Is censorship of school newspapers debated today?

What are the arguments against censorship of school newspapers?

1) Freedom of the press was established to promote truth in the media

2) Students must learn to cope in the real world by having some experience with the issues of our world

3) Student newspaper provides a forum for students to think through the issues of the day and be able to discuss both sides

4) No better way to a well-rounded education than to allow students freedom of expression in the school newspaper, while teaching them how to cope with the consequences

What are the arguments for censorship of school newspapers?

1) Some versions of truth and freedom of expression in today's world are outrageous and need to be censored

2) Principal is responsible for providing a safe learning environment and this environment is disrupted if something controversial is printed in the school newspaper

3) Principal must take into account the protection of the young minds they are in charge of educating

4) Principal can see the far-reaching consequences that a student cannot

When does the Tinker Standard apply to a situation?

Basically if the newspaper staff has more freedom and the paper isn't as tied to the school

If one of the following is true:

1) Cannot be considered school-sponsored: school has not lent its name or resources to the publication

2) Cannot be described as part of the school curriculum: was not created by the school to give certain skills to the students and is not supervised by a faculty member

3) Students have been given the authority to make content decisions: been opened up by school policy or practice as a "public forum" or "forum for student expression"

When does the Hazelwood standard apply to a situation?

Basically if the newspaper is tied to the school, for educational purposes and if students haven't been given as much freedom

If all of the following are true:

1) Can be considered school-sponsored: school lent its name and resources to publication

2) Is part of the school curriculum: created by the school to give students certain skills and is supervised by a faculty member (even if produced outside a classroom setting)

3) Students have not been given the authority to make content decisions: has not been opened up by school policy or practice as a "public forum" or "forum for student expression"

Let's Check Your Mastery

The first major court case that decided the rights of student expression versus the rights of school administrators to censor expression was Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier.

(a) true

(b) false

Let's Check Your Mastery

If an article was written in a high school newspaper about teenage pregnancy, the principal could prevent that article from being printed.

(a) true

(b) false

Let's Check Your Mastery

One of the guidelines established by Tinker v. Des Moines was that an article cannot be opinionated.

(a) true

(b) false

Let's Check Your Mastery

Teachers and adminstrators have a responsibility to provide a safe learning environment while being concerned about the individual rights of a high school student.

(a) true

(b) false

Let's Check Your Mastery

Obscene words should be banned from any student newspaper.

(a) true

(b) false

Let's Check Your Mastery

BAD GRADES GIVEN TO THOSE ON MS. LAUREN'S BAD LIST

(a) would be censored under Tinker v. Des Moines

(b) would not be censored

(a) would be censored

This would be censored because it could be libelous against Ms. Lauren. It is not only libelous, but it also violates professional standards of fair play.

Let's Check Your Mastery

CHRONICALLY LATE BUSES HAVE THE PEOPLE ON THE BUS HOPPING MAD

(a) would be censored under Tinker vs. Des Moines

(b) would not be censored

(b) would not be censored

This sounds like a good investigative piece on an issue that students would be interested in reading.

Let's Check Your Mastery

CHEERLEADING TEAM SUSPENDS GIRL FOR FIGHTING

(a) would be censored under Tinker v. Des Moines

(b) would not be censored

(a) would be censored

This article would also be censored because of the probability it would have of disrupting school as well as the invasion of the girl's privacy. Remember, censored doesn't mean the entire article won't be printed, just that parts of it may be banned or deleted.

Let's Check Your Mastery

GAY DRAMA COACH GIVEN TEACHER OF THE YEAR AWARD

(a) would be censored under Tinker v. Des Moines

(b) would not be censored

(a) would be censored

This would also be a censored article because it could be libelous toward the teacher. Are you sure he's homosexual? Has he come out and told the school he's gay? If not, you could be defaming him, as well as invading his rights to privacy. It could also disrupt the school day because of the sexual orientation announcement.

Let's Check Your Mastery

BASKETBALL PLAYER TWISTS ANKLE ON WARPED GYM FLOOR

(a) would be censored under Tinker v. Des Moines

(b) would not be censored

(b) would not be censored

This would also be a good investigative piece on the dangers of an old gymnasium and whether the safety of the players is being considered.

Why are polls important?

What is the format of an article on a poll?