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Definition
| capable of interacting with living organisms to produce a biological effect. |
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| Medications are used for: |
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| Diagnosis; Treatment; Cure; Prevention; Health maintenance / relief |
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Term
| Pure Food and Drug Act- 1906 |
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Definition
| There was once a time when there were no laws protecting people until this was active – Meds Had to be labeled |
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Definition
| Prohibited false advertisement of drugs |
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| Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act-1938 |
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Definition
| Prevent marketing of drugs that haven’t been tested: proof that they were safe & ethicacy (they work) |
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| Make drugs available for people who had rare illnesses |
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| Voluntary program to report if the drug caused problems/side effects |
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Definition
| description of the composition and molecular structure of a drug |
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Definition
| related to the chemical name, nonproprietary name, lower case, assigned by the first manufacturer w/ the US Adopted Name Council’s approval. |
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Definition
| proprietary name, uppercase, name under which the manufacturer markets a medication – carries a *trade mark* - most expensive |
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| drug companies have the right to a drug for |
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Definition
| 17 years – only 7 years of that do they make profit… |
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Term
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Definition
| research/experimentation/approval |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical characteristics; therepeutic uses; mechanism of action |
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| Chemical characteristics ex – |
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Definition
| beta lactam penicillin (ex) |
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Definition
| antihypertensive (tx: hypertension) / antibiotics (tx: infection) |
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Term
| Mechanism of action ex. – |
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Definition
| diuretics (lose water) / vasodilators (cause blood vessel dilation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual drug that represents a class of drugs; Usually first drug that was developed in a particular class |
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| Important to note that often the prototype is |
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Definition
| not the most commonly used drug in its class |
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Definition
| morphine: opioid analgesic / diphenhydramine (Benadryl) antihistamine |
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Term
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Definition
| prescription; non-prescription- OTC; investigational |
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Definition
| controlled/ non-controlled |
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Term
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Definition
| the issues related for abuse and dependence. |
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Definition
| used for other things than what it is to be used for |
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Term
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Definition
| when the drug is stopped, they’ll have withdrawals |
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| Psychological dependence: |
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Definition
| people using drugs recreationally for something other than what it is normally used for (ex. Euphoria = ADDICTION) |
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Definition
| FDA governs; Must be safe and effective; Must bear appropriate and correct labeling information |
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Definition
| being studied for marketing (not on the market yet) |
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Definition
| Can only be used safely under the supervision of a health care professional who is licensed o prescribe or dispense drugs according to state laws; Must bear the legal caution “caution – federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription” |
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| On A Legal Prescription Form: |
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Definition
| Patient’s name and other descriptive info; DATE written; the Rx symbol; dispensing instructions, ex… 100 tabs; client instructions; refill instructions/special labeling; prescriber’s name, address and phone number instructions; DEA number if prescribing controlled substances |
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Term
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Definition
| the desired or intended physical response that a drug produces |
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Term
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Definition
| Predictable; Possibly unavoidable effects produced with a therapeutic dose of medication; May or may not be harmful; Ex. The antihistamine Benadryl causes drowsiness |
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Definition
| Unintended, undesirable, and sometimes unpredictable reactions |
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Definition
| excessive level of a drug causing a deleterious effect on the organism [coma, liver failure] |
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Definition
| unpredictable reaction; different from normal [usually the opposite of normal reaction] |
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Definition
| ability to cause/produce birth defects |
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Definition
| unpredictable response; must have had a previous exposure |
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Term
| The pharmacologic effect of one drug is _________ by another drug. |
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Definition
| (synergistic or agonist effect) |
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Term
| May occur with other substances such as: |
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Definition
| foods, dyes, environmental pollutants |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol blocks effects of antidepressant medications. |
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Term
| The pharmacologic effect of one drug is _________ by another drug. |
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Definition
| diminished (antagonistic effect) |
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Term
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Definition
| Study how medications move through the body. |
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Term
| harmokinetics assists the nurse to: |
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Definition
| understand the therapeutic effects of the drug, predict potential side effects and adverse reactions |
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Term
| The 4 steps of pharmacokinetics: |
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Definition
| 1. Absorption; 2. Distribution; 3. metabolism/ Biotransformation; 4. Excretion/ Elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| -Movement of medication from the site of administration to the blood stream |
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Term
| Factors that may influence absorption: |
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Definition
| Route of administration – PO is slower than in vein; Ability of medication to dissolve – liquid dissolves quicker than tablets; Blood flow – richer blood supply = quicker absorption; Body surface area – the greater the surface area = quicker absorption; Lipid solubility |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues |
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Term
| Factors that influence distribution |
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Definition
| Circulation ; Membrane permeability – ex blood brain barrier, some meds can’t cross over that barrier and others can; Protein binding – medication binds to proteins. Typically, Albumin is what they bind to. Medication cannot work if it’s with the albumin – will only work if med is flowing freely. |
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| Metabolism/Biotransformation |
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Definition
| Process by which drugs are changed into more active (prodrugs), less active or deactivated substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| LIVER; prodrugs don’t start working until they are activated in the liver; The liver usually filters and inactivates medications |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of exiting the body |
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Term
| Main route of drug excretion is |
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Definition
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Term
| other route of eliminations = |
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Definition
| bile, feces, lungs, saliva, sweat, and breast milk |
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Term
| ________ of the urine affects the excretion rates |
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Definition
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Term
| if the medication cannot be excreted… |
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Definition
| it’s working LONGER in the body |
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Term
| Intestines are involved in |
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Definition
| BOTH absorption and excretion |
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Definition
| no absorption, excessive excretion |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| onset of action; concentration; duration; plateau |
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Definition
| the time it takes after the medication is administered for you to get a response. |
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Term
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Definition
| get drug in body and keep it in concentration for 24 hours |
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Term
| Peak -measure PEAK levels when the medication is at its highest concentration |
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Definition
| highest level of concentration the medication reaches |
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Term
| Trough –– measure trough level 30 minutes before you administer the dose again |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount of time medicine is in your system causing a response |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed level, they stay the same |
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