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Definition
| supplies the head, neck, superior portion of shoulder and neck, chest and diaphragm. |
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Definition
| supplies the shoulders and upper limbs |
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Definition
| supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and parts of lower limbs |
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Definition
| supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs |
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Definition
| supplies small area of skin in coccygeal region |
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Definition
| (waiter’s tip) - loss of sensation along the lateral side of the arm. injury to brachial plexus |
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Definition
| inability to extend the wrist and fingers. (damage to radial nerve). injury to brachial plexus |
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Definition
| numbness, tingling and pain in the palm and fingers. injury to bracial plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to abduct or adduct fingers. injury to brachial plexus |
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Definition
the arm cannot be abducted beyond the horizontal position.
Caused by damage to the long thoracic nerve serving the serratus anterior muscle. injury to brachial plexus. |
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Definition
| can occur in stab/gunshot wounds. Causes inability to extend leg and loss of sensation in skin over anteromedial thigh. injury to lumbar plexus |
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Definition
| can occur from pressure on nerve by fetal head during pregnancy. Causes paralysis of adductor muscles of thigh and loss of sensation over medial aspect of thigh. injury to lumbar plexus. |
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Definition
| most common form of back pain from compression/irritation of sciatic nerve (longest nerve in body) from herniated discs, dislocated hip, osteoarthritis of lumbosacral spine, pressure from uterus during pregnancy. Causes pain extending from buttock to posterior and lateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot. injury to lumbar plexus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves or the trigeminal nerve. |
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Term
pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex
1. sensory receptor
2. sensory neuron
3. integrating center
4. motor neuron
5. effector |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
patellar knee jerk reflex.contraction of a skeletal muscle in response to stretching of the muscle. monosynaptic reflex. Ipsilateral.
1. stretching stimulates sensory receptor (MUSCLE SPINDLE)
2. SENSORY NEURON excited
3. within integrating center (SPINAL CORD) sensory neuron activated motor neuron
4. MOTOR NEURON excited
5. effector muscle contracts, relieves stretching |
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Term
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Definition
Control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation when muscle tension is great.
Sensory receptors- Golgi tendon organs.
Polysynaptic. Ipsilateral.
1. increased muscle tension applied to tendon
2. tendon organ stimulation
3. nerve impulse
4. spinal cord
5. motor neuron causes muscle relaxation and relieves tension
Note: synapse back to muscle is inhibitory. synapse to antagonist is stimulatory. Interneurons used to connect to both motor neurons from one sensory neuron. |
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Term
| intersegmental reflex arc |
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Definition
| interneurons send the signal to different spinal levels to activate more motor neurons that innervate one or more muscle groups |
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Term
| flexor (withdrawal) reflex |
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Definition
postsynaptic reflex. Ipsilateral.
1. Stepping on a tack (stimulus)
2. Nerve impulse
3. activation of the interneuron
4. activation of the motor neuron
5. muscle contraction (withdrawal of leg) |
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Term
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Definition
Polysynaptic reflex.
Contralateral reflex.
Contraction of muscles that extend joints in the opposite limb in response to a painful stimulus.
Stepping on a tack (stimulus) → nerve impulse →activation of several interneurons → activation of the motor neurons → muscle contraction causing flexion of the leg stepping on a tack & extension on the opposite side |
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Definition
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Definition
| paralysis of both upper or both lower limbs |
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Definition
| paralysis of both lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of upper limb, trunk, and lower limb on one side |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of all four limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| cord is severed from one side to the other, cutting all sensory and motor tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| partial transection of cord on either right or left side. (Brown-Sequard syndrome) |
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Term
| A hemisection injury. 3 symptoms below level of injury: 1. Damage to posterior column causes loss of proprioception/touch on ipsilateral side of injury 2. Damage to lateral cortical spinal tract causes ipsilateral paralysis 3. Damage to spinothalamic tract causes loss of pain and temp sensations on contralateral side |
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Definition
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Definition
| follows complete transection. Characterized by areflexia (loss of reflex function) in body parts served by spinal nerves below the level of injury. Signs include slow heart rate, low BP, flaccid paralysis, loss of somatic sensations, urinary bladder dysfunction |
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